Territorial organization of the population as a scientific discipline

The territorial organization of the economy and the people is a scientific discipline. She studies the processes of accommodation, as well as the already established geographical structures of people. The territorial organization is necessary for optimization and acceleration of social and economic social development. This discipline is closely connected with other branches. Thus, in particular, the territorial organization of the population interacts with regional demography and economics, as well as socio-economic geography.

When determining the actual zones of impact of settlements on the surrounding conditions, the settlement systems are identified. Neighboring points can be related to each other to a lesser degree than with distant ones. A geographic organization can also envisage the entry of neighboring settlements into various settlement systems with a slight geographical distance between them.

The application of graph analysis (in contrast to, for example, cartographic analysis) allows a fairly wide application of mathematical methods. At the same time, it is possible to use the construction of models of optimal interactions between people and each other and the surrounding world, and on the basis of them to develop various programs that will later be more effectively implemented by the territorial organization of the population.

The main factors that have, to one degree or another, influence on the location of people on the planet include the following:

1. Natural conditions. Territorial organization of the population is more effective in conditions favorable for people's lives. Such areas include, in particular, coastal and plains areas of the subtropical, temperate and tropical climatic zone. Along with this, Arctic and Antarctic, inland continental desert, as well as high-altitude zones are considered extremely unfavorable. It should be noted, however, that over time, the territorial organization of the population is less dependent on climatic factors.

2. Historical features. According to historical information, the first clusters of people originated in Western Europe, Africa, and Asia. Gradually there was a decrease in the share of these centers and the redistribution of people to less populated areas of the planet.

3. The current stage of the demographic transition. In some areas there is an acceleration in population growth, while in other regions it is rapidly declining.

The population is a collection of people, constantly updated in the process of reproduction. For many scientific disciplines, the study of the people is the most important task. This is mainly due to the fact that the population is the main consumer and producer of non-material and material goods. Every person is a part of the people, which is considered one of the subsystems of society - a larger structure.

To produce goods, to carry out interactions with nature, to solve various important issues, society has an appropriate organization (a set of structures). It was formed (organization) along the course of the historical development of all mankind.

In modern society, social, economic, political and other structures are singled out. However, together with the branch organization in almost every system there is also a geographical one. It is connected with a huge variety of social, economic, natural conditions existing on the Earth as a whole.

Thus, the system of distribution of the people on the planet broadly covers issues related to the location of productive potential, the resettlement of people, the division of labor (from the geographical point of view), the interaction of nature and man, and others.