Table "Pedagogical technologies: classification according to GK Selevko." Classification of modern pedagogical technologies in the DOS by GEF (table)

In the main state documents, which relate to educational institutions, pedagogical technologies often appear. The classification, the table, the distinctive features are presented below.

Postulates of modern education

The ideology used in the modern school, involves the identification of the three main points of the formation of a harmoniously developed personality:

• Search for effective means for the development of the younger generation;
• The transformation of the school into a promising factor in the improvement of Russian society;
• Improvement of the Russian educational system through the introduction of new educational technologies

Innovation as a means of developing Russian schools

What are the pedagogical technologies? The classification (the GEF table) is practically the same as the classical system, it presents all the same innovative techniques used by teachers at different levels of schoolchildren. The class-lesson system of employment assumes application by teachers of certain programs on a subject, therefore classification of pedagogical technologies of training is carried out taking into account individual features of each concrete educational discipline.

What is technology?

The very word "technology" has different interpretations. For example, in a general sense, this is the detailed way of carrying out a certain activity in detail, based on the chosen method. Concerning educational pedagogical technologies, we note that it is a question of constructing the activity of the teacher in such a way that it includes actions that are carried out in strict sequence, with the mandatory advancement of the predicted result.

Technology Features

The methodological system should answer the following questions: "How to teach?", "What to teach?", "Why teach?".

Educational technology involves effective learning. There are certain criteria according to which the essence of educational technologies is formulated:

• Strict and unambiguous identification of the goal of education;
• The choice of content, the structuring of the material;
• Optimality of the organization of training activities;
• Receptions, methods, means of training.

In addition, the qualifications of the teacher should be taken into account, and an objective methodology for the evaluation should be formed.

Signs of pedagogical technologies

What is the classification of pedagogical technologies by Selevko? In the table proposed by the author, certain attributes are taken into account:

• Assurance of achievement of the set goal, effectiveness of the learning process;
• Economy of the reserve of study hours;
• Optimization of the teacher's activity and achievement of the planned results in minimum time intervals;
• Use of a variety of electronic computing and audiovisual equipment;
• Design and use of various didactic manuals and visual materials.

What are pedagogical technologies oriented at?

Below is the table: "Pedagogical technologies". The classification is based on certain parameters:

• Formation of positive motivation for the educational process;
• Intensification of the communication environment;
• The development of the personality, which is capable of research and training activities, the subsequent continuation of training, a conscious professional choice;
• Health protection of schoolchildren.

Specificity of technologies in pedagogy

The classification by GEF of educational technologies in foreign and domestic pedagogy is carried out by different authors in completely different ways. In connection with the fact that according to the new educational standards developmental training comes to the fore , that is, the very personality of the child, the following technologies stand out as priorities:

1. Differentiated training. What are such pedagogical technologies? Classification, the table in the DOW is made in view of the psychological characteristics of children, is based on a different-level approach to each baby. When compiling the educational material, the educator is guided by the motivation of the cognitive activity of his wards. An experienced teacher includes in his professional activity the elements of the differential approach proposed by NP Guzik.
2. Project activity. Classification of modern pedagogical technologies implies the isolation of this technique in a separate unit. It is during the design process that modern students and students of educational institutions are able to work in a team. The teacher acts as a mentor, therefore the younger generation gets the opportunity to self-develop, to understand their role in modern society. The guys who have mastered the project technology are more successful in their studies, they adapt more quickly to modern realities.
3. Game technologies. Classification of modern pedagogical technologies presupposes the selection of the game as an effective means of teaching and education in preschool and junior school age. In the process of playing activity, children receive communication skills, generalize and systematize new knowledge.

But this is not the whole table: "Pedagogical technologies." The classification of methods of education and upbringing is constantly being modernized taking into account innovations introduced into the educational system. Among the latest trends are interactive technologies. Taking into account the requirements of GEF, the table "Pedagogical Technologies" was modernized. Classification according to GK Selevko now also implies group teaching techniques. Thanks to them, a tolerant, communicative personality with leadership qualities is formed in the conditions of the general education school. Such technologies significantly increase the effectiveness of the students mastering program material.

Problem training

This technique is based on a heuristic (problem) approach. Students acquire skills and abilities in the process of independent activity, as a result of which their creative and cognitive abilities develop.

The use of the second-generation GEF is possible in the modern educational system of perspective-advanced training. Children learn to solve the problem in different ways, applying specific knowledge depending on the specifics of the situation. Each child with this approach has the opportunity to independently determine ways to solve problems.

Technology of pedagogical workshops

What is the "Pedagogical Technologies" table? Classification of all methods and techniques, the effectiveness of which is proved in practice, takes into account the age features of childhood, the methodology of the subject.

Research in a modern school

Modeling, experiment, method of projects are impossible without the use of research technologies. In the conditions of the school laboratory, the children learn to determine the quantitative content in various fruits and products of ascorbic acid, to identify the individual characteristics of food. During the research, as a teacher, the teacher is attached to the children. An experienced teacher only accompanies the experiment, provides his client with the necessary theoretical information, teaches practical skills. Among the innovations we note the technology for solving the inventive (research) problems of TRIZ. In order for the student to independently seek ways to solve the problem posed to him by a teacher, he first studies scientific literary sources. Together with the teacher, the young researcher poses problems, determines the urgency, puts forward the hypothesis of his experiments. An important stage in any design and experimental activity is the processing of the results obtained, comparing them with the original hypothesis.

What is the classification of modern pedagogical technologies? The table proposed by Selevko contains universal methods. They are equally suitable for all educational areas. For example, a variety of ICT technologies are electronic educational resources (ESM). Children get skills of work with various sources of information, independently make up their educational routes.

Pedagogy of cooperation

In order to implement a humane-personal approach to the student, in modern schools all conditions are created for the conscious choice of the guys for their future professional activities.

Collective creative affairs were especially popular during the times of the existence of the traditional Soviet education system. Guys whole classes helped elderly people clean firewood, carry water. At present, this technology is returned to educational institutions in the form of volunteer activity. Teachers, along with their pupils, try to help unselfishly those people who need their help. MAO (method of active learning) is the sum of pedagogical methods and actions that are aimed at organizing educational activities. With the help of certain funds, conditions are created that motivate children to take an initiative, independent and creative study of new material in the educational process.

Nuances of traditional techniques

Traditional technologies are based on explanatory and illustrative training. In the case of using such technology, the teacher in his work pays special attention to the transfer of the finished educational material. In preparing for the lessons, the teacher is looking for the most effective ways of presenting new knowledge, the clarity that accompanies his story. The presentation of information, which is determined by the boundaries of the curriculum, basically involves the teacher's monologue. It is for this reason that often in the educational process there are numerous problems:

• Insignificant skills of independent activity of schoolchildren;
• Low culture of communication;
• The lack of a full-fledged full-fledged response of schoolchildren to the issue under consideration;
• Minimal attention of the audience, lack of desire to work in a team.

The reason lies not in the unwillingness of children to work and study, but in the specifics of pedagogical technology itself. The teacher is forced to tell the material provided for in the curriculum, the child teaches the information, receives an evaluation for the answer. The teacher comes to the class with a ready task, his task is to subordinate the class to a certain regime, to involve the children in the educational activity. In this case, there is no question of any individual development of the individual. To ensure that all pupils have learned the minimum amount of information, there is a repeated repetition of the material, an intermediate, final type of control is used.

Older teachers are used to this method of work, they are convinced that it is only through "cramming" that a strong stock of knowledge, skills and practical skills can be handed over to the younger generation. The results of statistical studies indicate that 73% of the pedagogical staff are convinced that it is important to establish contact. Children note the need for independent activity, in their understanding, the teacher should become an assistant and mentor, and not a "supervisor".

Conclusion

Those requirements that modern society puts forward to the teacher, the educational process, imply the use of innovative methods and techniques of work. Federal educational standards of the second generation suggest a choice of such methods of work that would contribute to the harmonious development of schoolchildren. Gone are the days when the teacher was the main character in the lesson. GEF assumes active participation in the educational process of the pupil himself, helping him in finding effective ways to increase the intellectual level, choosing a direction for future professional activity. All varieties of educational pedagogical technologies, the GEF classification of which is represented in the OS, helps the teacher to successfully cope with the tasks assigned to him by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.