State natural reserve "Nenets": territory, animals and plants

The natural reserve "Nenetsky" is located on the Peninsula of Russian Peninsula in the Barents Sea. The only plains arctic and subarctic tundra in Europe are preserved here, on which the snow cover lasts 231 days a year.

This is the habitat of rare animals and birds (White-legged Diver, Greenland whale, etc.), here grow plants, many of which are included in the Red Book. The reserve, thanks to the remoteness of its territory from large industrial enterprises, represents the standard of the pristine beauty of the northern tundra.

About the history of the discovery

The need to create such a reserve in the Nenets Autonomous District of Russia was caused by several reasons: increased anthropogenic impact of geological exploration of companies developing oil and gas fields; Growth of overgrazing of domestic deer; Pollution of territories as a result of production activities.

All these factors led to profound changes in the natural ecosystem - destruction and complete destruction of soil and vegetation cover, strengthening of negative and undesirable geomorphological processes, restructuring and reduction of deer pastures, disruption of the hydrological regime in large areas. In this regard, in December 1997, by the Decree of the Russian Government, the only reserve at that time was organized. Later it became known as the "State Nature Reserve" Nenetsky ".

And the reserve "Nenets" in 2010 was joined to it.

Location:

The territory designated for the Nenets reserve is the standard of the European northern part of Russia. It fully meets the objectives and objectives of the nature protection facility.

The entire territory is located beyond the Arctic Circle and it is washed by the waters of the Caves and Barents seas. The reserved mainland is located on the northeastern part of the Malozemelskaya tundra, occupies the Russian Zavorot Peninsula, a 20-kilometer wide strip of land along the Zakhar'ina Coast, part of the delta (mouth) of the river. Pechora and delta rivers. Eastern Neruta. Also in the territory include the islands of Green, Lovetsky, Kashin, Green Murs and part of the Barents Sea (southeast), etc.

The water area is more than half the area of the reserve. This Korovinskaya and Bolvan lips, the water area along the coast of Zakharyin (width 10 km), the entire water zone (2 km) of the peninsula Russian Zavorot and others. The Nenets reserve is divided into 4 sections: Ostrovnoy, Bolvan, delta r. Pechory and Shore Zakharin.

Types of transport, where you can reach the reserve from Naryan-Mar (100 km): snowmobiles (in winter), motor boats (in summer).

About the climate

The climate in the marine subarctic reserve. In winter, the air temperature drops to -46 ⁰ C. Over the year, the amplitude of the average monthly temperatures is about 29 ⁰ С. February is the coldest month, and the warmest is July.

As noted above, the snow cover is preserved here most of the time of the year, and the northern parts of the reserve are covered with snow up to 40 centimeters thick on average. The number of days with snowstorms is approximately 112. In the coldest periods of the year, winds are dominated by south-west and south winds, in warm - winds of northern rumbles.

Relief of the Nenets Reserve

The territory of the reserve has a flat relief. Almost everywhere, the lowlands are very swamped with numerous channels and lakes of various sizes. Types of marshes: bumpy-mochezhinnye, ridge-mochezhinnye, finely-hummocky.

Sea terraces are traced on the northern part of the land, and as the distance to the south, the level of terrain increases slightly. The terraces of the Nenets reserve have a flat surface, swamped with mocassins and small lakes.

Flora

The vegetation cover of the Nenets Reserve includes typical and arctic tundra, where moss and lichen communities prevail.

According to the species composition, the following types of vegetation communities are distinguished here: shrubbery (willow stands, birches and ledum), shrub, lichen and tundra moss, swamps, willow stands and shallow meadows (grasses and motley grass).

The vascular plants of the reserve include 339 species and subspecies (they belong to 56 families). The richest flora is observed in the lower reaches of the delta. Pechory. Found here more than 200 species. The Red Book lists 32 varieties from all the growing vascular plants in the reserve: poppy ugorskii, rhodiola rosea, alpine alpine, eight-petalled dryad, four-sided cassiopa and many others.

Fauna

Permanently in the Nenets reserve are animals: fox, white fox, ermine, elk, Ob and hoof lemmings, wolverine, hare. It is often found on the peninsula of Russian Zavorot and on the islands of the Barents Sea (southeastern part) of the polar bear.

In the protected waters marine mammals live - pinnipeds and cetaceans. Rare are gray and harp seals, a mustachioed whale, and numerous - walrus, beluga, seal, sea hare.

Where else can you see such a variety of animals that are in the Nenets Reserve? He became a reliable habitat for such living creatures as the Atlantic walrus, the huge bowhead whale, the tundra swan, the white-clawed diver, and others.

The migratory way (East Atlantic) of many species of birds passes through the reserve. The territory of the reserve is an important source of reproduction of bird populations (waterfowl and waterbirds). During the summer period, their greatest species diversity is observed due to lamellar beetles (bluegrass, white-fronted goose, bean-eater, eider-grouse, etc.) and waders. Seagull gulls nest in floodplain places, and large colonies of polar terns - on sandy spits. Owls, white partridges, peregrine falcon, white-tailed eagle, moong-legged buzzard, gyrfalcon, merlin, etc. also live here.

The following waterfowl are the symbol of the scientific and conservation activity of the Nenets Reserve: two species of northern small geese (Barnacle Goose and Lesser White-fronted Goose) and tundra (aka small) swan.

Among fish, the main role in these areas is the complex of whitefish: peled, chir, whitefish, omul and vendace. Also through the Pechersk Sea (southeast) a migration path of the salmon takes place.

Excursions

In the reserve for its visitors are offered fascinating tourist programs: observation of rare species of birds (ornithology amateur), an extreme kind of rest in the winter among snows and in summer among picturesque landscapes. Also here you can participate in ecological excursions.

On the islands of the Arctic reserve "Nenets" you can get acquainted with many historical and cultural monuments connected with the development of the culture of the Nenets people (sanctuaries with various attributes of sacrifices - idols, polar bear skulls, deer horns, bones of sacrificial animals, etc.).

Since 2000, the reserve has organized two monitoring stations and parking for tourists.

In conclusion, one interesting fact

It turns out that it is very simple to judge the state of the ecological situation in the Arctic zone - it is enough to pay attention to the fact that very rare birds - tundra (small) swans live here.

These birds in the Nenets Autonomous District are the most sensitive natural indicators of the state of the environment. When the environmental situation worsens, swans immediately change their habitat.