Social categories of the population: definition, description and rights

We know that there is social assistance. The categories of the population that can be claimed for it are many, but most of them are unknown or only superficially. But in vain. After all, it is quite possible that one of us can count on the state.

Objects of social assistance

So who can count on the support of the state? Legislation provides for such social categories of citizens:

1. Lonely elderly people.
2. People with disabilities.
3. Citizens who suffered as a result of the Chernobyl accident.
4. Unemployed.
5. Children who have deviant behavior.
6. Forced migrants and refugees.
7. Orphans.
8. Low-income or large families.
9. Single mothers.
10. Persons without a specific place of residence.
11. Citizens who have AIDS or are infected with HIV.

What can they claim? Social support for certain categories of citizens provides for the implementation of a system of long-term or permanent measures guaranteed by the state that provide the conditions for overcoming a difficult life situation. They are aimed at making people feel like other citizens of our society. The measures include the provision of social assistance and support.

Legislative background

According to the seventh article of the constitution, the Russian Federation is a social state. Therefore, the policy should be formed with the maximum consideration of the interests of the people. Legally, the state is also responsible for creating such conditions under which people's health and work will be protected. In addition, in his charge is the establishment of a minimum wage, support for the family, paternity, motherhood and childhood. The state also cares for disabled people and elderly citizens. Their issues and problems are dealt with by social services. It is they who establish the state pension, the amount of benefits and other guarantees of social protection. And they are responsible for ensuring that everyone who is in need receives support. We looked at social categories. If you belong to one of them - do not hesitate and get the benefits due.

The basis

The minimum social standards serve as the starting point for awarding payments. These are the guarantees established by the laws of the Russian Federation, which are expressed through norms and standards. They reflect the most important needs of people in material goods, free and public services, and also guarantee the necessary level of consumption for citizens. All this is expressed in the system of social protection. It uses distributive relations to serve people who have partially or completely lost the ability to work for their own good. Such assistance can go in the form of material resources or services. Their spectrum depends on what social categories they claim.

So, for families with many children, there are privileges for paying utility bills. Whereas for pensioners there is a free ride in public transport. As you can see, different social categories of citizens receive different assistance.

Creating programs

On the social support of certain categories, it can be said that it is always planned in advance. But for this it is necessary to solve the issue of priority. In other words, it is necessary to identify the tasks, the solution of which is the most important and urgent. And this helps to cope with the program solutions. Thus, it is possible to maintain and develop existing social relations while simultaneously solving the most important tasks. The peculiarity of this process is that the interests of different categories of the population are skillfully combined. In addition, attention is paid to public associations and groups.

How did it all come about?

We already know about socio-economic categories of citizens, now let's get acquainted with the history of the development of this mechanism. In modern form, such protection appeared for the first time in the 30s in the United States. Then a number of measures were developed aimed at minimizing the consequences of unemployment, loss or significant reduction in income due to illness, occupational disease or occupational trauma, as well as in the event of old age. In a slightly modified version, the system is still used as the basis of the social policy of any state. Such a system is based on legal guarantees and protective measures that help protect a member of society from physical, social and economic degradation.

Social Protection Models

It should be noted that quite a number of different approaches have been proposed. For reference, we will list a few of the most popular models and their brief characteristics. The information will be submitted according to the classification of Antropov VV:

1. Continental model. It provides for establishing a rigid link between the duration of professional activity and the level of social protection. The continental model is based on social insurance, which, as a rule, is financed by the employer. The principle of professional solidarity is based on its activities.
2. The Anglo-Saxon model. It is based on the redistribution of income for the benefit of social groups, which receive a lower level of income than the rest. The basis of this model is based on the principles of universality and unification. In other words, people can claim equal pensions, benefits and medical care. In this case, it is not professional, but national solidarity.
3. Scandinavian model. Social protection in this case is perceived as the legal right of a citizen. And there is support in the event of a wide range of risks and life situation, which requires the support of society. All citizens of the country can apply for social services and payments, and for this purpose one does not need to be employed at work or pay insurance premiums.
4. South European model. Its feature is the lack of a clear organization and the presence of the features of the transition period.

Conclusion

Social categories vary in different countries and models. Each state uses its approach to solve public problems, based on its experience, developments and the economic situation. Therefore, if there is a situation when it is necessary to reform the social sphere (as it is ripe in our country), one should not blindly follow the foreign experience, but also make amendments to existing realities.

If you do without such a stage of preparation, you will eventually be able to say that innovations have failed. And it is not surprising - as in different countries there is a different standard of living, so one can not use other people's solutions without thinking, to apply in our realities.