Religious institutions: species, purpose. Monasteries. Sunday School

After the Russian state revived in the new quality in the 90s, religion took a significant place in it. Gradually, this institution began to develop and improve.

Non-state religious educational institutions have become increasingly common in many regions of the Russian Federation. What do they bring to people? What is their purpose?

Religious institutions. What is it?

The term "religious organizations" refers to voluntary associations of Russian citizens or other persons who are lawfully residing in Russia in order to jointly profess and disseminate faith. In this case, they must be registered as legal entities.

Such organizations can be local or centralized.

A local religious organization must consist of ten or more people who are already 18 years old. They must be residents of one urban or rural settlement.

Three or more local organizations create a centralized religious association that, according to its charter, can create a spiritual religious educational institution to train listeners and religious personnel.

Religious education

Religious education is called the process of education and upbringing. At the same time, a certain religious faith is taken as a basis.

Such a process makes it possible to know the essence of a particular religious dogma, to study religious practice, culture and life.

During such a process, certain personal qualities and a way of life are formed according to the corresponding religious dogma with its inherent moral values.

Religious education is understood as one of the forms of non-secular education that religious institutions carry out in order to train narrow-professional cult servants, and also to involve students more actively in religious life.

The main difference between religious instruction and other methods of obtaining religious knowledge is the fact that this process necessarily involves the study and direct application of religious practice - the departure of religious worship, the performance of divine services and other ceremonies and rituals of a religious nature.

This, as well as the focus on the active involvement of listeners in the ranks of the religious association, causes the non-Soviet form of this method of instruction. At the same time, public religious institutions are obliged to strictly observe the principle of voluntariness.

Specificity of Religious Education

We can distinguish the following components of religious education:

• The participation of parents, as well as those who replace them, in religious education and the upbringing of children;
• Receiving religious knowledge and education in educational institutions that organize religious institutions as Sunday schools;
• Receiving a professional religious education of the future clergyman in a spiritual educational institution.

Sunday School does not provide for final examinations and issuing a document on the end of this educational institution.

According to the existing legislation, it is permissible for any religious association to organize study of the principles of the Law of God, the history of the church and other similar subjects by adult parishioners or their children without obtaining any state license for conducting educational activities.

The legislator only forbids the religious education of children against the consent and will of adults with whom they live.

About Sunday School

Sunday school uses an accessible, usually playful form of training for young children, when it tells about biblical subjects and the basics of Christianity.

For the name of this education, the day was used, when classes are held, Sunday. For classes, the time is chosen when the child is absolutely free.

The main attention in the system of Sunday schools is given to direct lessons with the children.

The main emphasis is on inculcating Christian traditions to children.

All institutions of this type can be divided into two categories, based on the goals that pursue when organizing a particular Sunday school:

1. Sunday school, which is mainly of a religious nature, the purpose of which is to strengthen children in the confession.
2. School with a predominance of educational nature. It is intended for free access to knowledge of the surrounding world from a religious point of view.

To conduct classes in this kind of educational religious institution is usually used to house the church or a building specifically designed for these purposes.

Researchers believe that the first Sunday school was opened by Pavlov Platon Vasilievich.

Of all the forms of education existing on the territory of Russia, this was the most democratic. She actively allowed to teach the adult illiterate and semi-literate rural and urban population.

Religious institution - monastery

It is in the monastery that a unique atmosphere is created that makes it possible to educate a person wholeheartedly. In this institution there is a formation of science, which inseparably connects spiritual theory and practice.

Under the monastery (derived from the Greek "one") understand the religious monastic community, united by one charter, owning a single complex of religious, residential and farm buildings.

From the history of the monasteries

In the third century, Christianity began to spread rapidly, which contributed to the weakening of the strictness of the believers' life. This prompted some ascetics to go to the mountains, to the desert, to retire from the world and its temptations.

They were called hermits or deserters. It was they who laid the foundations of monastic life. The homeland of monasticism is in Egypt, where in the fourth century there lived many fathers-deserts.

One of them, the Monk Pakhomi the Great, was the first to establish a monastic monastic form.

They were connected with various dwellings in which the followers of Antony the Great lived, into one community. A wall was fenced around. He compiled a set of rules governing the discipline and regime of the day, providing for a uniform alternation of classes with difficulty and prayers.

The date of the first monastic charter, written by Pakhomii the Great, dates back to 318.

After this, the monasteries began to spread from Palestine to Constantinople.

To the West, the monasteries came after a visit to Rome by Athanasius the Great in 340

On the Russian land, the monks appeared with the adoption of Christianity. Monastic life in Russia was founded by the Monks Anthony and Theodosius of the Caves, who created the Kiev-Pechersky Monastery.

The existing types of Christian monasteries

In Catholicism there are abbeys. These are the monasteries, which are headed by the abbot or abbess, obeying the bishop or the pope.

Cinema is called a monastery, which has a community charter.

Lavra is called the largest male Orthodox monasteries.

The place where monks from the monastery live in the city is called a courtyard.

Deserts are monastic settlements in Russian Orthodoxy, often located far from the monastery.

The hermit lives in an independent or structurally allocated monastic secluded dwelling, called a monastery.