Political movements are what?

Demonstration and implementation of political interests of individual groups or citizens occurs through the creation of socio-political movements - associations and associations not provided for by state and party structures. The political goal of the movement is achieved in uniting the forces of socially active citizens.

The role of political movements in society

In the course of a political nature, citizens most often involved are those who are not satisfied with the activities of various state institutions or are not satisfied with the statutory norms and program objectives. An essential difference between social and political movements and political parties is the amorphous nature of the social base. CPD represent the interests of persons of different socio-political interests, representatives of groups, separated by ethnic, ideological, regional affiliation.

The work of political organizations and movements is aimed primarily at resolving a narrow range of political tasks, and functioning takes place on the basis of a concrete concept. When the goal is achieved, such currents have the property of ceasing to exist or being transformed into political movements or parties with other requirements. It is noteworthy that political movements are just a lever of influence on power, but not a way to gain it.

Characteristic features of CPD

The following signs indicate the socio-political social course:

• There is no single program, a fixed charter;
• The social base of participants has a non-permanent character;
• The admissibility of collective membership in the movement;
• The presence of a center and a formal internal hierarchy is not typical: the structure of the CPD is limited to initiative groups, clubs, unions;
• Participation in the CPD takes place on a voluntary basis, and the foundation of the movement is solidarity.

The historical background testifies to the serious role of socio-political movements in the public life of the state. Continuous functioning of the current can turn it into a political force.

For example, groups of people who advocate animals, the environment or human rights are classed as socio-political movements.

Classification of politically active organizations

The goals of the political movement largely determine his character. Political scientists established the following classification of social trends:

1. Attitude to the functioning political system: conservative, reformist and revolutionary.
2. Place in the political spectrum: left, right and centrist.
3. The scale of organizations: local, regional and international.
4. Methods and ways to achieve the goals: legal and illegal, formal and informal.

An important role in the characterization of CPD is played by the duration of their existence.

Revolutionary currents

Revolutionary political movements are actions of a mass, collective nature, carried out with the goal of liberating the civilian population under the yoke of the ruling, privileged social forces, who, under conditions of unequal distribution of social wealth, control those who create it without owning productive means. The main idea of the majority of revolutions is the establishment of social justice by changing existing systems, eliminating structures, introducing reforms into the functional component of power - and political "innovations" must correspond to the greater part of the population.

As a result of active actions of socio-political movements of a revolutionary nature, the established social institutions undergo radical changes: the state machine, education, cultural and moral values are being completely adjusted. The leading force of revolutionary movements is the workers 'and peasants' classes, democrats who are raznochintsy: they, in view of their discontent with constant humiliations and deceits on the part of the authorities, seek to destroy the functioning social system, achieve equitable distribution of material resources and save the world from violence.

Political scientists and historians note the following peculiarity of revolutionary political movements: their development falls on countries for which the blocking of social reforms is characteristic. Thus, dissatisfied citizens see a way out of the situation in the revolutionary destruction of the existing political system.

Activities of reformist organizations

Reformist socio-political organizations and movements are oriented toward a consistent, smooth change in social reality. An unshakable rule of the current is the reform of the established order, but the preservation of their "moral foundation."

The activities of mass conservative political movements are mainly aimed at saving the current situation in the political, economic and social-human spheres. While maintaining the current regime, the conservatives prevent a radical reform of the social order. Conservatism, notable for its principled positions, often has an ideological approach to social problems.

Conservative-Revolutionaries

"A revolution reversed" AG Dugin, a geopolitician and leader of Russian neo-Eurasianism, called reactionary and conservative-revolutionary modern political movements. Such a characterization is based on the desire of the reactionaries to return society to the traditions of a social, political and economic organization, which at the moment is considered a relic of the past. Since the conservative-revolutionary movement is based on the people's tradition, directed against modernity, the specific goals and tasks of the current in different countries may differ.

Pragmatic CPD

Activities of activists whose civil position is based not on ideology and the development of long-term political strategies, but on the practical solution of the tasks posed to the state and society at the moment, are referred to pragmatic political movements.

Opposition

Opposition movements are a form of demonstrating the social dissatisfaction of large and small social groups. The Institute of the Opposition in the conditions of modern multi-party political systems allows finding an alternative solution to the urgent problems.

The opposition, as a rule, represents the interests of parties that have lost their election to central and legislative authorities, and plays a significant role in controlling the political situation in the country, exerting a significant influence on the state policy and the work of government bodies.

Historical reference

The political movement is the reaction of society to the existing national and regional political culture. In most cases, they are formed on the basis of the demands of society, its traditions and the norms of political culture.

Acts of political movements are inherent in any state system of power. So, the "railroad war" of 1996, taking place in Kuzbass, was a social movement of an economic nature: activists demanded timely payment of wages. However, in a short time, the CPD turned from an uprising into a multifaceted political movement: following the slogans "Returning the earned money!", A demand was demanded, such as the sending of the government to resign.

Examples of what kind of political movement was characteristic of a certain period in the history of the world and the Fatherland are many. The school program involves studying, perhaps, the most massive uprising in the history of Russia - the workers 'and peasants'. Thus, during the period of active industrialization, which took place at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, discontent began to grow in the working classes. As a result of prolonged rallies and demonstrations with the advancement of their own demands, the proletariat succeeded in shortening the working day, improving working conditions and achieving the creation of a state insurance system. It should be noted that the professional factor is not the main aspect that characterizes the CPD. At the heart of any movement lie, first of all, the concept, idea and purpose.

Political movements in Russia

Mobile, vital and effective society is based on the activity of the CPD. Their functioning justifies the historical approach, the formulation of which reads as follows: the more opinions, the more accurately the solution. Social and political movements in Russia are represented in a wide variety - this fact indicates a high level of political activity of the civilian masses and the maturity of society. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the functioning of the diversity of the CPD can indicate the instability of political views and positions not only of the citizens of the country, but also of the authorities.

Thus, in the Russian Federation, revolutionary political movements are represented by radical communists (VKPB, RKRP, CPSU) and National Bolsheviks (NBP Limonov). Reformist sentiment prevails in such parties as the Communist Party of Zyuganov and "Fair Russia". Conservative political movements are maximally ideological social trends and organizations, United Russia. The wing of the conservative revolutionaries consists of neo-and Eurasianists, national Bolsheviks and Orthodox-monarchical groups. To the pragmatic movement include political party Zhirinovsky and the bulk of the asset "EdRo."

Public organizations

Sport, scientific and technical, cultural and educational activities are placed on the shoulders of such an element of the political system as public organizations. The most common forms of manifestation of cultural activity are unionization, society and association.

The main task of public organizations is the accumulation of a wide range of interests of citizens: thus, they deal with problems of political, economic, and leisure, amateur character. Most often, the activities of trade unions and associations are aimed at changing the culture of work, life, recreation, but they also play an important role in protecting the rights and interests of representatives of the working class, involving them in industrial and public affairs.