Physical and chemical properties of water.

For many centuries people could not imagine what water really is and how it was formed on the planet. Until the 19th century people did not know that water was actually a chemical element. It was believed that it is an ordinary chemical element. More recently it was discovered that water is a chemical element, the formula of which is H2O.

The chemical properties of water depend on the physical nature of its atoms, as well as the ways they are combined into a molecule and the subsequent grouping of the molecules formed. Since it is constantly in contact with various substances, water is a solution with a very complex composition. Moreover, it manifests itself as an excellent solvent, as it is capable of dissolving both liquids, and solids, and gases.

Especially the properties of such a solvent manifest themselves in seawater, since it can dissolve almost all substances. Approximately seventy elements of the periodic system can be found in its composition. In sea and ocean water, even rare radioactive elements can be detected. The most common substances in the water are chlorine, sodium, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, bromine, carbon and boron.

To date, researchers are revealing increasingly complex and subtle mechanisms for organizing the water mass. It is considered the most difficult compound of all substances known to physicists and chemists. The chemical composition of water may not differ, but it will have different effects on the human body, as it was formed under certain conditions.

The chemical properties of water also depend on its molecular structure. In particular, the water molecule consists of three atoms, which are formed in the form of an isosceles triangle. At its top is an oxygen atom, while at the base lie two hydrogen atoms. In this case, the valence angle of the HNH compound is 104.31 °.

There are also some physical and chemical properties of water that go against the principles of Mendeleyev's table. In particular, the highest characteristics of water are those that, in essence, should be much lower. This concerns the freezing and boiling points, the heat of melting and vaporization.

The temperature of freezing and boiling in the hydride elements of the oxygen subgroup decreases as the connection becomes easier. If such a pattern operated on water, it would boil at a deeply negative temperature value, at -70 ° C, and would freeze at -90 ° C. This, in turn, would provoke the absence of water on Earth, as it could not be contained in either liquid or solid state. The only possible option is a gaseous state.

Regarding the heat of vaporization, it can be said that for evaporation of water heated to 100 ° C, 6 times more heat is needed than for heating a similar mass of water to 80 ° C.

With every minute a million tons of water in the hydrosphere evaporates from the sun's heat. As a result of such an impact, the atmosphere constantly contains a huge amount of heat, which is equivalent to what would have produced 40,000 powerful power plants.

Such unique physical and chemical properties of water make it possible to widely use it in production activities. In particular, in metallurgical plants, most of it uses boiling water for cooling. Such a seemingly paradoxical act is explained by the fact that cooling occurs due to the heat of vaporization. At the same time there is no need to build extra cooling towers.

Of course, boiling water as a cooler can only be used at those facilities where the heating temperature exceeds the value of 100 ° C.

Unique physicochemical properties of water allow using it in agriculture, and not only for watering plants. For example, when there are sudden frosts in the late spring, threatening flowering trees, gardeners spend the so-called sprinkling of the garden. A shroud of shallow splashes envelops the freezing trees. Also, drops of water cover the flowers themselves. Then she quickly turns into ice and covers herself with flowers, giving them her warmth.

As you can see, the water, whose chemical properties have not yet been fully studied, is a unique mix that supports all life on the planet and is an integral part of human life.