Overview of the GAZ-560 and its technical characteristics

For more than ten years, we have seen cars in the open spaces of our country, on which the GAZ-560 Steyer engine is installed. And this is not only cargo "Lawns" and "Gazelles", but also cars "Volga". What are the features of this unit? We learn from our article.

History of appearance

In Russia, the first known engines of "Steier" appeared in 1998. This was due to the fact that the company from Austria has sold the license for production to the Russians. The tests of the received engine impressed many present. On some parameters among all diesel units "Steier" became the best.

The main positive indicators of this engine from Austria were:

• Less demanding of fuel consumption;
• Excellent start-up at low ambient temperatures;
• High efficiency;
• Excellent dynamic qualities.

The first engines were assembled by workers at the plant using other parts, which is why their quality was at an altitude. Spare parts (GAZ-560 Steier) were imported directly from abroad. According to the manufacturer's plans, no less than 250,000 models were to be produced per year, taking into account the fact that such units would be supplied to other enterprises of the country.

History of existence

The further history of development was not so pleasant in practice, as in theory. The test samples did not always differ in good performance, and therefore a variety of breakdowns began to occur with the Steier engines soon, which was caused by many factors of our reality.

The quality of fuel in Russia has always left much to be desired, and because of bad diesel fuel, the first high-quality Russian diesel started to go out. However, this phenomenon did not become the only one. Soon for the manufacture of the unit, parts manufactured in Russia began to be used, which led to more frequent breakdowns.

Special differences GAZ-560

The main difference between the GAZ-560 engine was the one-piece design, thanks to which the cylinder head and the unit itself were an indivisible whole.

The plus of the single unit and cylinder head was:

• The absence between the block and the cylinder head gasket, which, if overheated, would have to be changed immediately.
• Due to the absence of a gasket, no antifreeze or antifreeze will enter the oil, which periodically occurs on vehicles where this part is present.
• The unit and the head are poured out together, so there is no possibility of loosening the cylinder head.

Varieties of engines

The GAZ-560 Stayer engine was produced in three trim levels:

1. Engine with a capacity of 95 liters. from.
2. Unit with installed intercooler, whose capacity is 110 liters. from.
3. Engine with intercooler and modified car control unit, the power of which is 125 liters. from.

The most common version for the car "Gazelle" was the power unit of the second type. Installed on Gazelle GAZ-560 Steier developed power to 110 horsepower.

In addition, the engines were installed on the cars "Volga" and "Sable".

GAZ-560: characteristics

Many are interested in what the people of Steyer, and what technical data of the unit, are so fond of. It is worth noting that the power plant was a four-cylinder in-line diesel unit with pre-installed turbocharging, water cooling and power supply system via injectors.

The volume of the diesel engine was 2.1 liters. The capacities were presented earlier. The engine is characterized by a fuel consumption of 11.5 liters per 100 km of travel.

It is worth remembering that, depending on the mode of operation of the car, the consumption can vary. For example, the Sobol car, which has a GAZ-560 unit installed, consumes a little less than a stated figure for a hundred-8 liters. For such cars, low consumption is a big advantage over other competitors.

A large number of compatriots are constantly treated with distrust of turbodiesels, and first of all this is due to the poor quality of fuel. This is typical for both rural areas and urban residents. At the initial stage of the use of engines on diesel locomotives, many car owners faced such a problem when no center could diagnose a breakdown or a typical malfunction in the work, or they did not undertake any repairs at all.

The cost of spare parts for diesel engines is also significantly higher than the prices for parts of the gasoline engine. However, such factors did not stop people from using cars with economical and powerful engines.

Operation of the unit in Russian conditions

The license received from the Austrian company "Steyer" allowed the car factory from the city of Gorky to use modern engines for putting on GAZ cars, which had a good impact on the company's policy in the future. For the "Volga", which was also modernized with the installation of the GAZ-560, consumption became ideal, as the petrol version "ate" about 16 liters, and the diesel engine - 8 liters.

For many diesel engines, there is vibration at low speed or idling, which makes the whole machine shake. However, at a speed of 50 km / h, any vibrations disappear, and not every motorist will be able to confidently state the installed type of motor. The expense of "Gazelle" (GAZ-560) was about 13 liters per 100 km.

Characteristic features for the "Steyer" models was the inability to warm them at idle speed, which is why the car was cold in the car. But if you just give the engine speed, and when driving from the coolness there was no trace left. He warmed up just as well, as if a gasoline engine were used on the car.

A distinctive feature of the Austrian engine in the following. When freezing, it was sufficient to use only winter diesel fuel and a working battery. Such a car started from a half-turn. During the entire operation of the unit, frost and frost were not formed on its surface and fuel lines. The reason is that the installed nozzles are located close to the cooling system, which allowed the machine to warm up quickly to positive temperatures.

In winter, it is best to use oil labeled 5W40. With its use on Arctic fuels, this unit could overcome any frosts and easily start up even at thirty degrees below zero. If more severe frosts were observed in the region of operation, special elements must be installed to warm the engine compartment. Otherwise, the oil could be forced out through the neck or dipstick.

Turbocharging system

The turbine GAZ-560 was very popular and sensitive to the quality of the oil used. In a minute the number of revolutions reached 100,000 at work, and the oil temperature reached 150 degrees. The use of poor lubrication caused the turbine to become unusable in a short time. It was also worth remembering some features of the operation of power units with a turbo-supercharging:

• It is impossible to increase the speed sharply on the engine that is not heated. Dense oil does not lubricate the turbine.
• At a stop it is impossible to muffle the engine at once, as the turbine continues to rotate. And by muffling the engine, the driver turns off the oil supply to it, which leads to the failure.
• Turbocharged oil pipe must be sealed.
• At low engine speeds and poor acceleration of the car, it is necessary to adjust the valve spring, which is responsible for filling all the cylinders. Adjustment for preventive purposes should be done after 45 000 km of run.

Recommendations

All diesel engines are very whimsical to the quality of oil and fuel. Savings on fuel can subsequently lead to serious damage. Although it is a domestic engine, it is necessary to buy fuel for it only at tested gas stations.

Gulf of poor-quality fuel will lead to deterioration of not only the main characteristics of the engine. Due to the belated ignition of fuel, the heating of the piston will be uneven, which will eventually destroy the combustion chamber. Only here to determine low-quality fuel on a diesel basis, in contrast to gasoline, is quite difficult. There are no direct prerequisites for poor fuel quality, and the engine will not give out any characteristic noises. Filling in the fuel supply system of such fuel led to the destruction, in the first place, of the plunger pairs of injectors.

Reviews

At present, the GAZ-560 reviews of car owners are the most positive, despite the fact that the engine repair was quite complicated due to the monolithic design. For a large number of owners, a distinctive feature was the low fuel consumption compared to other models and good operation in the difficult climatic conditions of the country.

Sometimes the motorists had problems with burnt out valves. Spare parts for the GAZ-560 engine are very expensive, and sometimes the repair in the aggregate was equal to the cost of the new. That is why in 2008 the car factory decided to stop installing an expensive unit for cars.

Practical tips

Sooner or later, a malfunction or malfunction may occur. For example, if it is impossible to start a warmed-up engine, it's worth doing a tricky operation. It is not necessary at the same time to change the injectors - you can simply turn off the coolant temperature sensor and air. As a result, the start-up will be carried out as if it were cold, and the fuel supply will increase for the injectors.

If the injector fails, the engine will be unstable. If a breakdown is detected immediately after the start-up, you can determine which one was out of order on the manifold nozzles. At the non-working nozzle, the temperature of the nozzle will be much lower than the rest. If a fault in the GAZ-560 engine is detected on the road, then a lot of work can be done on the idle nozzle (about 200 km), and it is impossible to give heavy loads to the system.