Order of the Patriotic War 1 degree: the list of the awarded. History of the award, photo

On the eve of the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, the exploits of Soviet soldiers are involuntarily recalled. Their heroism is embodied in prose, poetry, films, performances, monuments. Orders and medals, which are preserved in old boxes under a heap of papers, remind grandchildren and great-grandchildren of the glorious military path of their grandfathers.

More than one generation of Soviet schoolchildren listened with a sinking heart to the living stories of veterans. The country could thank its heroes, only marking their exploits with worthy awards.

Among the many differences, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree was considered to be the main one. The list of those awarded to them today is about three million people. Everyone dreamed of him - from the private to the army general.

How did the order come about?

With the aim of raising morale in 1942, Stalin put forward the initiative to create the Order "For Military Valor". Production of sketches commissioned two artists: Kuznetsov and Dmitriev. As a result, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief was presented with two works from each.

Kuznetsov's model left for revision, but the inscription was taken from Dmitriyev's sketch. On a white background bordering a ruby circle with a picture of a sickle and a hammer, there is the phrase: "Patriotic War". The inscription so harmoniously fit into the general view that it entailed the decision to rename the insignia of the Order of the Patriotic War.

The award has a number of unique characteristics:

• The first order of the USSR, which appeared during the war.
• The list of people awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree included both people and military units, settlements, enterprises and institutions.
• For the first time the award had two degrees.
• The only award until the end of the 70-ies of the XX century, which did not give up after the death of the awardee.
• The first precedent, when specified in the statute, certain feats for submission to the Order.
• For the first time in the USSR, a shoe was used to fasten the order.
• The most numerous rewarding. Approved for the Order of the Patriotic War 1 degree of 1985, the list of candidates exceeded two million people.

Thanks to this, the Order still remains the most outstanding sign of the Great Victory.

The decree on the establishment is dated May 1942. Two times the order underwent changes - in June 1943 and in December 1947.

Statute of the Order

Paragraphs of the statute definitely prescribe thirty combat feats, for which it is possible to get on the list of the 1st degree awarded the Order of the Patriotic War.

Such people could include servicemen of any rank. The Order is considered second in seniority. It is attached to the right side of the chest.

Appearance and description

What does the Order of the Patriotic War look like? 1 degree. In the photo, present in the article, you can see what this award represents. It is a star covered with ruby-colored enamel, between the beams of which golden flashes diverge. They also form a star. In the middle of the award - a hammer and sickle, made in gold. On the white enamel border it is written: "Patriotic War", the words below are divided by a small golden star.

On the gold ripples behind the enamel star, you can see a crossed rifle and a saber. To cover them, the oxidation method was used.

After a detailed review of the award in the photo and reading the description, the question arises: "What is the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree made of?"

The main materials are silver and gold. All non-enameled and non-oxidized parts have a gold coating. The weight is about 33 g. The share of silver is about 17 g, for gold - 8 g. The span on the diagonal is 45 mm.

On the reverse side is a pin with a nut, with which the reward is attached to clothing.

The 24 mm wide ribbon is made of burgundy moiré with one 5 mm cross stripe, located in the middle.

A medal was attached to the award. It necessarily indicated the personal number of the award and the information of the recipient. If you want, you can always determine who owns the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree. The list of awardees is available in the archives of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Types of Order

The award is presented in two main types:

1. The first existed from the time of approval and until mid-June 1943. The end of the ray of the ruby star had an ear on top. A shoe was fixed on it. In the horizontal slit stretched burgundy moire. On the shoe from the back side there is a pin and washer for fastening.
2. The second appearance appeared a year later, after the order was changed, according to which the orders, which look like a star, are worn. In this connection, the suspension shoe was abolished, and the fastening was placed directly on the back of the order itself. By the same decree, it was allowed to wear medal stripes in the usual uniform and field uniform.

It will be interesting and useful to dwell in detail on each species.

Order on the shoe

It consists of 4 parts: two stars, a sickle and a hammer, a shoe. The elements are joined by rivets. The loop on the point of the beam forms a single whole with the order.

The number is printed manually. Convex letters "Mint" were applied to the puck with two lines.

Orders with a shoe were made in three versions:

1. The height of the suspension pads is 18 mm. It is directly attached to the ear of the insignia with the help of a wire soldered to it. On the back of the golden star is a pin, located vertically.
2. The height of the suspension shoe is 21.5 mm. For attachment with the Order, an additional ring appeared. The rest corresponds to the first variant.
3. In everything corresponds to the second option, excluding the pin on the back of the star made of gold.

Order on the pin fixture

The order of this species has a fundamental difference from the previous one. The pad was abolished, and the need for a loop on the ray disappeared. The round washer has a circumference of 33 mm, without inscriptions. The stars are fastened with a nut.

The hole on the back of the larger size and has three jumpers. The numbers were applied by hand. From above put stamped stamp of the Mint.

Order on the pin attachment has 4 options for the location of stamps and jumpers.

Re-issuing Orders

Rewards changed over time. Order of the Patriotic War 1 degree did not escape this fate. If the reward of a regular soldier did not correspond to reality, it was changed to a new one. When re-issuing, the previous serial number was retained.

A large re-transfer took place on the eve of the Victory Parade. Participants received awards of a new type.

Duplicates

Obtaining the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree in return for the lost is an exceptional case. Under it fell: war, element and unavoidable circumstances.

The duplicate had a serial number of the original, after which the letter "D" was added. It was allowed to be applied manually or stamped. Marking depended on the year of release. There is an assumption that not all duplicates have the letter "D".

Knights of the Order

During the Second World War the award ceremony took place approximately 350 thousand times. Before 1985 - 20 thousand times.

By the 40th anniversary of the Victory, it was decided to re-use the Order of the Patriotic War of 1st grade, 1985. The list of rewarded veterans turned out to be impressive.

To date, the number of awards is approximately two and a half million.

The Order from the very moment of appearance was handed in literally in the trenches, without delaying the paper red tape for a long time. This was done to raise the fighting spirit of the soldiers and an example to follow.

Captain I. Criclius was the first order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree. He completed the list of the awarded ones only a year later. Before the family of the first cavalier who fell in battle, the reward came in 1971.

On the exploits of those decorated with this order, poems and songs are composed. Heroes are glorified in prose and memoirs of soldiers. It is impossible to list all by name: there are a lot of them. But it is necessary to remind about some.

Eighteen Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree were received by fighters sung in the famous song about the Nameless Height. They fought to death, repulsing the attacks of a company of German soldiers, without retreating, and held their positions. Only two remained alive. This feat was appreciated by the government.

In 1942, during the defense of Stalingrad, terrible battles were fought. It was especially important to prevent the Germans from going to the Krasny Oktyabr plant. Steel poured out there for the production of military equipment. An ordinary soldier, Mikhail Panikaha, at the cost of his life blocked the way to the tank. For this feat, he received a worthy award, to a great regret, posthumously.

Everyone remembers the unprecedented feat of the Hero of the Soviet Union Gastello. Three crew members, who died with him, received the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree. Their names are: Burdenyuk, Skorobogaty, Kalinin.

This order is not in vain considered special. In 1977, eight years after her death, Epiphany Stepanova was awarded. She raised nine sons, and all of them died, fighting for their Motherland. Mother, who has endured the bitterness of loss, like no one else deserves a reward.

The Order received more than 600 foreign antifascists and the Czech village Sklabina.

In addition, awarded the Order of 1 degree:

• 7 military units for valor shown in battles;
• 80 enterprises, who made a considerable contribution to the fighters at the front;
• 3 editions of the newspaper, whose dedicated work covered the course of the war and supported the morale of the soldiers;
• 39 cities on the territory of the USSR.

All those who received a high award, with their actions, and sometimes with their lives, brought the day of the Great Victory closer. Among them there are those who were awarded the Order more than once.

Multiple Cavaliers

Despite all the severity of the statute determining the possibility of receiving the award, there were people who repeatedly proved their right to the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree.

List of recipients by the number of orders received:

• Awarded four times: Arapov VA, Bespalov IA, Loginov SD
• Awarded 3 times: Anokhin SN, Bazanov PV, Bezugly IF, Vasilyev LI, Egorov LI, Georgievsky AS, Kozhemyakin II, Kulikov V. G ., Lyubimov AI, Mazuruk IP, Mosienko SI, Nagornyi NN, Raspopova NM, Sergeev AF, Skobarikhin VF, Shiyanov GM

The transfer of the recipients 2 times will take a long time, since their number exceeds several thousand.

Khrushchev's thaw

During this time, we decided to revive the award. During the reign of Stalin, many worthy people were undeservedly deprived of honors, and some were declared enemies and traitors.

In the late fifties, this mistake was decided to correct. Decorated sheets for the Order of the Patriotic War 1 degree. The list of awardees included not only Soviet citizens, but also foreigners. Residents of other countries, as far as possible, helped the wounded fighters who fell on the territory of the enemy. Covered, treated, risking their lives.

Order for the 40th anniversary of Victory

On the significant date, the government decides to adequately mark the perpetrators of the celebration. The Order of the Patriotic War of 1st grade, 1985, was received by all veterans, who remained alive and had at least one combat award.

The Order was cast as before, but there are still differences. What are they? First of all - materials. What is the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree of 1985 made of?

In connection with the huge number of awarded, gold decided not to use. For the manufacture of silver. Separate details, to give a reward of the appropriate kind, gilded. In all other respects, the award sign is no different. On it there is a number and the inscription: "The Mint". To the order is attached the order book.

It is a pity that every year the number of veterans of the Great Patriotic War is rapidly decreasing. Age, illness, old wounds take their toll. Now these people can rarely be seen on the streets of the cities in the most important for them holiday. Very soon there will come a time when no one will share living memories with descendants. Flowers and congratulations in the form of soldiers' triangles will not find the addressees ... And even when the last of them leaves this world, the memory of their exploit will remain in the centuries.