Museum of Architecture: photos and reviews of tourists. State Museum of Architecture named after AV Shchusev

Russian museums reflect the history and modernity of our country. They do this not only with exhibits, but also with their own condition. In this sense, especially interesting is the Museum of Architecture, located on Vozdvizhenka in Moscow , a surrealistic place for the average visitor. Specialists (or just people who have some attitude to the architectural "get-together") will tell you that it is one of the best in the city, because there are many artifacts, there is a richest archive on Soviet and Russian architecture.

History of the museum

There is this museum since 1934, although in the late 19th century there was a need for its creation. The largest specialists in theory, practice and history of architecture worked in it (and gave it their archives). "Here" are the materials of the ideological rivals of the past - there is an archive on the architecture of Ancient Rus, assembled by Peter Baranovsky, a great restorer, as well as sketches by Ivan Leonidov, the famous project of the People's Commissariat on Red Square. Once the national school was one of the most interesting in the whole world.

AV Shchusev

A. V. Shchusev, whose name is a museum of architecture, is a titan in this art field. He created the mausoleum of Lenin, as well as a dozen of the iconic buildings of the USSR. Schusev is the initiator of the opening of the profile museum in 1934, located at the Academy of Architecture. Alexei Viktorovich, when in 1946 with his active support a museum appeared on Vozdvizhenka, he also became its first director (from 1946 to 1949). The Museum of Architecture already at Shchusev became the only center of town planning and architecture with the status of scientific research at that time.

Formation of funds

Formation of funds began in 1934. Under them were transferred the following exhibits and squares of the Antireligious Art Museum (from 1929 to 1934): the buildings and territory of the Donskoy Monastery, various collections of iconostases, church utensils, church vestments, royal gates.

Funds in the 1930s and 40s were significantly replenished. Fragments of historical and architectural monuments were collected . The 1930s were a period of destruction and ruin of historical buildings. In the museum, in addition, were transferred to various interior items of ancient buildings.

In 1946, the old buildings of the estate (late 18th century) Talyzin-Ustinovs were transferred to the property. Their location on Vozdvizhenka, in the vicinity of the Kremlin, speaks of the generosity of the previous owners. The "ward for feeding" was also included in the manor complex, a rare architectural monument of the 17th century, representing the refectory of the Aptekarsky Court. At the beginning of the 20th century, a stone building was erected on the second floor, built in 1676.

A person close to the museum circles will note that this historical museum, whose architecture is very curious, has experienced great difficulties for the last 20 years, since it was once held in the territory of the Don Monastery, which was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church in 1991. All these years he remained just an exhibition space, as almost all the collections were stored in the storerooms.

Opening of permanent exhibition

The symbolic event happened very recently, on June 19, 2012. -It is a permanent exhibition in this museum. In order to see the unique object presented in it, citizens from all over the city were drawn into the exhibition building. This is where surrealism begins for an ordinary visitor.

There is a museum of architecture in the heart of the city, in the large Talyzin Palace, a building dating back to the 18th century. It also includes a manor wing called "Ruina", and a building from the 17th century, where the Pharmacy order was located. Between these three buildings is a small courtyard, also adapted for the exhibition.

Description of the museum

The first thing you'll see when you get here is a lone stand of the cash desk and a central empty lobby. A very interesting sight is sometimes Russian museums. The visitor, in the hope of interesting architectural revelations, rises abruptly to the second floor along the palace staircase - and gets into the Looking Glass. A whole ensemble of empty halls, as if reflected in a giant mirror, is leaving in infinity.

Not an exaggeration of these empty halls in which the state museum of architecture is located: there really is nothing there, except for the exquisitely exquisitely exposition on the walls of the exhibition, for example, photographs of Roman imaginary theaters. In the opinion of an ordinary visitor, a fashionable art gallery may look like this, which in Moscow is already a huge number, but not the main research center and architectural museum in the country. With interest, however, you can consider sculptured medallions, painting ceiling on the ceiling, stucco moldings, high reliefs, walls made of artificial marble. But these museum interiors were received by the museum together with the building. They were restored in the middle of the 20th century and are not considered, as it were, artifacts.

Unique exhibit

Under the permanent exhibition were given two large halls on June 19, 2012. It is designed to symbolize the revival of this museum. We are now talking about one amazing exhibit - this is a model (wooden) of the Great Kremlin Palace, which is by far the largest mock-up in the world. It was created in the early 1770s by the order of Catherine II Basil Bazhenov. The length of the layout is 17 meters. It is so huge that, ideally, requires a separate pavilion: in the two above-mentioned museum halls are only its fragments, although very impressive.

Criticism

Today, in specialized communities, disputes over the current state of the museum do not cease, but actions, lectures and exhibitions in a professional environment are still valued. We will not say the opinion of an ordinary, unprofessional visitor that he lacks employees, squares and funds. These problems are clear to everyone, they only cause sincere sympathy. But the attentive visitor will be able to notice a few inexplicable, from a "financial" point of view, unpleasant details.

For example, it is forbidden to photograph the Bazhenov model. The ban is categorical - for no fee, even on the phone. Employees can not explain why, they say, that's the way it is. Although posted in the blog, any photo can bring a few visitors here, and the fee for it is to add a little money to the museum's small ticket office.

It can not be explained by economic difficulties, why the "dining architects" are built in the building of the old Aptekarsky order, which is, in fact, a sushi restaurant; Why air conditioners "decorate" the facade of the building, and in front of the ancient sculptures depicting lions, parking is located on the inner courtyard. The bas-reliefs, piled on its territory rather randomly - evidence of a lack of funding, space.

DS Khmelnitsky, a researcher of architecture, criticizes this museum for the lack of any systematic information about funds and collections (in 1991 the last thematic catalog was published), as well as a very complicated procedure for access of researchers and historians to archives. The Melnikov Museum is a branch of the MUAR. The big resonance in the summer of 2014 was caused by the situation with the penetration of his employees there in the absence of Melnikov's heir living there.

Museum fund

The museum first specialized only in Russian architecture. But employees collected materials on modern projects and history, photographed, measured, analyzed the transformation and development of urban policy. As a result, this museum of architecture of Moscow has collected a huge fund, where almost everything is represented today: from modern photographs to the plinth of Sophia of Kiev, from design documents of various types of building up to masterpieces of construction equipment.

Fund replenishment

The museum fund in the mid-1980s was supplemented by an invaluable collection. It is an archive of Pyotr Dmitrievich Baranovsky, an outstanding restorer and architect of the Soviet era. Since 1984, this archive has hardly been investigated - there is not enough time for this, specialists. Museum funds are a little-known world, which is to be studied by many generations of scientists.

In the early 1990s, a time of distress came, which is still going through this museum of architecture in Moscow. Today the main task is to solve the pressing problem of exhibiting. The visitor can only guess at that greatness that the museum's collection contains, leafing through the booklets telling about his history.

Museum of Architecture and Life

Acquaintance with the culture is very exciting. If you are interested in architecture, we can also advise you to visit the Museum of Folk Architecture and Life, located in the village of Ozertso in Belarus. Its exposition is very interesting. The Museum of Folk Architecture and Life will acquaint you with residential and economic buildings, religious buildings, public buildings. He recreates the peasant life of the late 19 - early 20 th century.