Modern telecommunications is fast communication

The telecommunications market is one of the most promising and rapidly growing branches of the communications industry. At present, the telecommunications system is on the path of rapid development, in general it is oriented to the entry of the Russian communication system into the world as an equal partner for the provision of international, intercity, urban communications services, data transmission, the Internet, mobile communications,

What is Telecommunications?

The term "telecommunications" comes from the words: Latin communico, which means "form of communication", and Greek tele, which means "acting at a great distance."

So, you can say that:

• Telecommunications is a combination of devices and programs that allow information to be transmitted over cable and radio channels. These are devices for converting information, decoding it, modulating it; This is modern computer processing technology.
• Telecommunications means a combination of technical, software and organizational tools for transmitting data over long distances. To create transmitters of satellite stations, solid-state output amplifiers are used.
• Telecommunications are technical services providing the transmission and reception of messages. Specialists in telecommunications are technicians and engineers. They mostly work with codes, signals, noises.
• Telecommunications is the exchange of any information using a computer. Information is transmitted through communication channels or information exchange.
• Telecommunications is the process of obtaining and processing information using electronic, network, electromagnetic, information and computer technologies.

Promising areas of telecommunication technologies should be considered:

1. Creation of new signal-code structures by using combined methods of signal manipulation and new methods of signal coding with the purpose of increasing the transmission capacity of transmission systems and improving their energy.
2. Creation of intelligent antenna devices with improved energy.
3. Creation of telecommunication systems in a millimeter wave band with an operating frequency of about 100 GHz.
4. Development of design methods and technology for the production of telecommunications equipment, which ensures their optimal performance in accordance with generalized criteria: minimum cost, maximum parameters, maximum reliability, minimum mass-dimensional characteristics.
5. Increase the level of training of students in the direction of "Telecommunications", the expansion of scientific research and development in the field.

Technological method of signal coding

To ensure optimal energy in systems use the latest methods of coding and modulation of the signal. It is the methods of signal coding to combat errors in the conditions of interference that provide an energy gain in the system up to 6-8 dB, even in spite of the widening of the signal spectrum. In this case block codes are used: codes for Hamming, Reed-Solomon, BCH, and tree-like convolutional codes. It is interesting to consider the use of codes that make it possible to realize triangular amplitude-phase manipulation and thus obtain an additional energy gain in order to increase the signal transmission rate. In this case, channel bandwidths use multi-position relative phase shift keying and quadrature amplitude-phase keying.

Satellite connection

Satellite communication systems are used in geostationary satellites to transmit television programs, including to individual receivers, and to provide group information traffic. In particular, the international satellite navigation system Inmarsat, which has also been widely used for operational communication and navigation using the GPS navigation satellite system in hard-to-reach areas, in emergency situations, as well as for monitoring freight traffic, should be specially noted. A compact satellite phone provides data transfer from anywhere in the world. In combination with a broadband pseudo noise signal, new technologies were implemented: a frequency microstrip antenna, a solid-state power amplifier, a two-channel filter on surface acoustic waves based on bismuth germanium, narrowband microwave filters on dielectric resonators,

Means of telecommunications and communication

Today, mobile communication systems have developed particularly rapidly, with the number of subscribers in most countries exceeding the number of fixed network subscribers. While the market leadership in mobile communications holds the GSM-900/180 standard, the systems of which have reached the limit of perfection due to the use of the latest GPRS and EDGE technologies. Very promising should be considered systems of mobile communication with code division of channels of CDMA standard, which have unsurpassed confidentiality and energy indicators. Today, three standards based on CDMA technology: CDMA ONE, CDMA 2000 and WCDMA are used to create 3G mobile communication system in accordance with the standard and MT-2000 developed by the International Telecommunication Union. As part of the implementation of the BMI-2000 standard, work is being done to create satellite personal communication systems Orbocomm, Thuraya, Clobal Star, Iridium. While commercial operation of the systems was not achieved due to problems of project financing and technical difficulties. To create enterprise information networks, the DECT radio system has proved itself well.

Fast signal transmission systems

Thanks to the achievements of microelectronics technologies, modern mobile and computer networks and telecommunications such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, WiMax, WiFi and others are manufactured and used. In practice, exotic transmission systems are used that are created using common principles and construction schemes and differ by channel adapters for connection To the corresponding signal transmission channels. Hydroacoustic communication systems make communication underwater using ultrasonic vibrations in 8-20 kHz at a distance of up to 4 km. Laser communication systems use lasers with a wavelength of 1-10 microns and are used in space communication lines. The Ryazan Instrument-Making Plant (Russia) manufactures a laser receiving and transmitting device that provides transmission of a signal at a speed of about 200 Mbit / s over a distance of 2-10 km under terrestrial conditions and is used, for example, to transmit information between base stations in mobile communication systems. Communication systems in tunnels and metro use a radio-emitting (antenna) cable, for example, of EUPEN, in the frequency range 30-1800 MHz. US scientists have established the possibility of transmitting radio waves of hectare range in the depths of the Earth. It is believed that during the placement of repeaters at a distance of up to 200 m, a communication line can be created to transmit a signal with a spectrum of about 500 Hz.