"Leningrad": an analysis of the poem (Mandelstam). Analysis of the poems Mandelstam: "Insomnia," "Evening gentle," "Century," "Notre Dame"

Osip Mandelstam - one of the brightest representatives of the poets of the Silver Age. His contribution to the development of Russian literature of the twentieth century is difficult to overestimate, and tragic fate leaves no one indifferent.

By itself, fascinating and interesting analysis of the poem. Mandelstam also reveals in his lyrics the world of Acmeists, their relation to poetry and artistic direction. The article will consider the most famous works of the writer: "Leningrad", "Insomnia", "Evening Gentle", "The Century" and "Notre Dame".

Biographical information

The future poet was born in 1891 in the Warsaw merchant family, which in 1897 moved to St. Petersburg. Here Osip Emilevich finishes Tenishevskoe College. After that he goes to Paris, attends lectures at the Sorbonne, and studies at the University of Heidelberg.

In 1910, his poems were first published in the journal Apollo. During the year, Mandelstam became his own literary milieu, while gravitating toward the ideas of the Acmeists. In 1913, the writer publishes the first collection of poems - "Stone".

The life of the poet ends in 1938, when he was repressed and exiled to Voronezh. Mandelstam died in the exile camp and was buried in a mass grave.

Helps to reveal the inner world and features of the poet's worldview analysis of the poem. Mandelstam in this respect opens the reader to his point of view on what happened in the beginning of the twentieth century in Russia, and what he himself witnessed.

Characteristics of the lyrics of Osip Mandelstam

Poetic way Mandelstam began at the age of 14, when the first poems were written. From this moment begins the early period of creativity, characterized by pessimism and the search for the meaning of life. Initially, Mandelstam was fascinated by the ideas of the Symbolists and appealed in his poetry to musical images and motifs. However, acquaintance with the Acmeists dramatically changed the ideas and tonality of the poet's lyrics. In such works as "Nature - the same Rome ..." begin to meet architectural images, which confirms the analysis of the poem. Mandelshtam understands the development of civilizations as a continuous and continuous process, where the cultural heritage (including architecture) reflects the changes and outlooks of the peoples.

To understand and comprehend the peculiarities of Mandelstam's lyric poetry, one must turn to an analysis of his program poems.

"Leningrad"

An analysis of the poem "Leningrad" Mandelstam can begin with a description of the plot. The lyrical hero returns to the city of his childhood - Leningrad. Here he found his calling, found friends, many of whom can not meet. His connection with the city is so strong that it is comparable to the blood and carnal ties: "to veins, to children's swollen glands." This connection with the space of Leningrad: "the fat of the Leningrad river lanterns," "a yolk is mixed with a sinister tar" (a metaphor describing the overcast sky and dim sunlight). But the most strong friendship ties: "I still have addresses on which I will find the dead people's voices." But no matter how strong the connection of the lyric hero with the city, there are those who can easily break it - "guests." They come at night without invitation and take their relatives with them. Their arrival is tantamount to death, since those whom they lead away no longer return.

About an incredibly troubling time says an analysis of the poem "Leningrad" by Mandelstam. The author perfectly conveyed the growing alarm, the lack of any protection from the arbitrariness around the arbitrariness and the hopelessness of the future.

"Century"

This is one of the most expressive and horrifying works that Mandelstam wrote. Analysis of the poem "My age, my beast ..." largely reflects the same experiences about the loss of the familiar quiet world, as the previous verse.

Mandelstam compares his age with the cruel and unbridled beast, who broke the spine of an established world order and can not fix this, glancing sadly at the past. The poet delicately feels the whole tragedy of what is happening and tries to connect the vertebrae with his art (which personifies the flute), but there is no time, and the strength of one person is not enough. And the "blood-builder" continues to flow from the wounds of the country. The image of the century-beast encompasses not only rampantness, but also helplessness: the broken ridge prevents him from finding the former strength, it only remains to look "at the tracks of his own paws." Thus, the revolutionary events and the change of power of Mandelstam are painful, hard and tragic.

Analysis of the poem "Insomnia"

The second song of the Homer's Iliad - "The Dream of Boeotia, or List of Ships", which lists all the ships and commanders who went to Troy, was based on the work.

The beginning of the poem is the word "insomnia", which describes the physical condition of the hero. And immediately the poet immerses the reader in the ancient Greek myth: "Homer. Tight couple ... ". Infinitely dragging ships, like an endless night, tormenting and not allowing to fall asleep. The image of the crane wedge only strengthens the slowness and sprawl of space and time that Mandelstam seeks to emphasize. Analysis of the poem "Insomnia" reflects the smooth flow of time and thoughts of the lyric hero. From the description of the ships, he proceeds to reflect on the purpose of the ancient war. A great army is moved by love: "Where are you sailing? When it's not Elena, that Troy is you, Achaean men? .. And the sea, and Homer - everything moves with love. " The next line returns to reality, to the real epoch for the lyric hero: "Whom should I listen to? And Homer is silent. "

Love is the main driving force that remains unchanged from ancient times to this day, Osip Mandelstam expressed this opinion in this poem.

Analysis of the poem "Evening tender"

The poem describes one of the picnics on the shores of the Mediterranean, on which Mandelstam was a frequent visitor during his studies at the Sorbonne. This work stands out sharply against the backdrop of the entire creation of the poet with his joy, happiness and carefree pink light. The poet acts as a romantic, paints a beautiful landscape picture, filled with sounds, smells and bright colors. The nineteen-year-old writer is happy, he feels the freedom and limitlessness of his possibilities, the whole world opens before him. The poet openly expresses his opinion, there is no fear and fear of incurring trouble (which appear in later works).

After returning to Russia, Mandelstam will never write such joyful lines. Analysis of the poem "The Evening Gentle" reveals a cheerful, writer's soul, hungry for freedom and life.

«Notre Dame»

The poem "Notre Dame", like the previous one, is based on the impressions that the study left in France. Mandelstam traveled a lot during this period and was impressed by the view of Notre Dame Cathedral. It is to this architectural monument that the poem is dedicated. Incredibly metaphorically and sensuously describes the building Mandelstam. Analysis of the poem "Notre Dame" reveals the beauty of the cathedral, compared with a living creature: "The muscles of the cross are light vault." The poet is frightened and admired by the spectacle, he is imbued with the beauty and grandeur of the structure and gradually recognizes him as the most beautiful in the world.

The first line Mandelstam refers to the history of the creation of the Council: "Where the Roman judge judged a strange people." The emerging Roman theme is necessary in order to show the connection between architecture and the cultural and historical development of peoples.

He admires and is surprised by the abilities of the ancient architects Mandelstam. Analysis of the poem "Notre Dame" can be reduced to a description of the contrasts on which the whole work is built: "light arch" - "weight of the load walls", "Egyptian power" - "Christian timidity", "oak" - "reed". In a combination of contradictory feelings, dissimilar materials and different approaches to the image, the beauty of both the cathedral and the poet's poetry is hidden.

Conclusion

Thus, to reveal the author's position, to understand the soul, the world outlook and the mood of the poet will help a simple analysis of the poem. Mandelstam is undoubtedly one of the most interesting and extraordinary poets of the Silver Age, whose work admires, attracts and fascinates.