Invisible guides. We study communication channels

Modern means and communication channels serve us not only as intermediaries for the transmission of information. They are able to provide and support the work of mechanisms and devices, supervise the work of employees, remotely control complex equipment.

A lot has been said about the types of communication . We just enumerate them. So, for data transmission, you can use telegraph, telephone, radio, audio broadcasting, television, satellite or mobile communication, new formats (3G, 4G, etc.), computer wired and wireless networks. At the same time, thanks to the development of technologies in the field of communications and commutation, the quality and speed of transmission is constantly growing. A considerable role in this is played by communication channels. About them also there will be a speech.

Types and classification of communication channels

Before talking about species, it makes sense to identify the essence of the concept of "communication channels". It means a system consisting of the medium in which the signal propagates, as well as a set of technical devices and means that provide and support the propagation of a signal of a certain frequency at a certain rate.

With regard to classification or typology, currently the communication channels can be divided as follows:

• By the type of conductive medium (cable or radio frequency).
• Over the frequency range (high-frequency, VHF, UHF, microwave range, millimeter range, infrared).
• By type of signal (analog or digital).

Many probably heard such expressions as digital communication channels or optical communication channels. What are their distinctive features or advantages?

Digital communication channels transmit information in the form of a binary code that Consists only of 0 and 1. Thanks to this technology, it was possible to achieve minimal loss or distortion of data, unlike the analog method. For example, when talking on the phone is often used is an analog signal, the principle of which is to transmit continuous electrical fluctuations. That is why analog information exchange systems are very susceptible to interference and can significantly distort information or lose data.

Optical communication channels differ from others by the material from which the cable is made. The optical fiber used in their production allows to provide high channel capacity, minimal distortion or signal reduction even at considerable distances, immunity to interference. In addition, optical fiber is economical in production, much smaller and lighter in overall dimensions. According to some sources, the weight of conventional cables can be 10 times the mass of an optical wire of the same size. Optical communication channels are also digital, because they transmit information exactly in this form.

It is impossible not to mention the wireless communication channels. We use one of them without even thinking about it. An example of this can be an infrared (laser) communication channel. It is he who allows us to control the TV or other device with the help of a remote control, which provides a directional beam of light. Wireless channels include:

• Infrared or laser.
• Microwave channels (used for satellite or long distance communication).
• Networks of free radio frequencies (the ability to transmit the signal in several bands at once).