Heuristic method as a way of obtaining new ideas

In translation from Greek, "heuristics" literally means "discover", "find." There are several heuristic ways of solving problems and getting new ideas. Let's consider some of them.

The most well-known heuristic method is the trial and error method, which consists in proposing and considering various solutions (probes) for a task. Each alternative is examined in detail, analyzed mentally, or decided in practice. If it is admitted that this option is unsuccessful, it is determined erroneous and a new idea is put forward.

Another heuristic method is a method of control questions, consisting in the fact that a list of questions is used, for example:

- How can you simplify an object, object or process?

- What can be regrouped or flipped?

- What can be increased, reduced?

Such questions can be quite a lot. But on the one hand this list should be long in order to more likely find the right solution, and on the other - it should be short, in order to find an answer in more short terms and not get confused in a huge number of issues.

The next heuristic method is this Called "brainstorming" or "method of brainstorming". It consists in the following. To solve a problem, a group of people is created from a few people to several hundred. I myself conducted a "brainstorming" with the participation of about 300 people. The first stage generates all possible solutions to the problem, including the most unusual and even fantastic. The main rule at the first stage is the ban on criticism and the creation of a favorable atmosphere for the influx of new, original ideas. The second stage is a criticism and a comprehensive analysis of the suggestions made, which, naturally, should be recorded at the first stage. After a detailed analysis with the clarification of the positive and negative aspects of the solution of all alternatives, there are, as a rule, several of the most optimal ones that can be implemented.

Another heuristic method - Synectics (literal translation from English - "combination of dissimilar elements"). This method is a continuation and development of the "brainstorming" method, the only difference being that, as a rule, there is a constant group of participants and criticism is possible at the first stage of proposing solutions to problems. It is believed that the permanent composition of the participants brings them closer, they stop being afraid of criticism and work more fruitfully.

Heuristic method Learning Characterized by the fact that Its main task is the creation of new educational products by pupils, students, essays, various handicrafts, art works - drawings, songs, dances, school plays, various quizzes, competitions, olympiads, etc.

To such forms of employment carry: heuristic lessons, business games, various creative projects, trainings, protection of research works and others.

The heuristic method is also used in the economic and business spheres. In the organization it is often necessary to develop a management solution for atypical, creative, creative tasks. In managerial practice of such tasks is quite a lot and here heuristics comes to the rescue.

Heuristic Methods Adopting Solutions are used when it is impossible to solve the problem by the usual, standard method. There are many techniques that make up the heuristic methods: generalization; Specification of the problem; Reformulation into the inverse problem; Concentration of ideas; Criticism of traditional solutions; Movement from end to beginning; Restructuring of the text into the model; Use of similar tasks; Consideration from different sides; The use of the analogy method, the creation of a new structure, and others.