Economic category and economic laws, economic principles. The essence of economic categories and laws

Within the framework of economic science, various methods of cognition are used. With their help, the economic foundations of the life of human society are revealed. At the same time certain concepts are formulated, which reflect real activity. Let us now consider the main economic categories and laws.

General information

What is the essence of economic categories and laws? In the activity there is a regularity of development. In the sphere of management, it is possible to detect phenomena that are interrelated. The management theory examines these interdependencies, evaluates their stability and cyclicity. Repeated phenomena are called laws. They are considered to be the most stable, significant and constantly repeating objective cause-and-effect relationships. Within the framework of science, economic categories are also explored. They represent a theoretical expression of the actual conditions of economic activity in society.

Economic laws and categories: their classification

In their totality, the phenomena form a definite system. There are special, general and specific laws. The latter operate within the framework of a specific form of management. If such an economic category ceases to exist, and the economic laws associated with it also cease to exist. For example, the October Revolution launched a command-administrative system of management. At the same time, the market economic category and economic laws, acting in conjunction with it, ceased to exist. Special phenomena are also peculiar to certain forms of management. However, in this case, the historical economic category and economic laws are not considered. They will take place only in this form of management, in which the proper conditions are formed. At the same time, dependence on historical development may be absent.

Phenomena and concepts of a general nature

Such economic categories and laws, briefly, are inherent in all forms of management. Common concepts and phenomena connect them to a single progressive process of historical development. This is a stable economic category. Economic laws, economic principles do not cease to exist when the form of management changes. For example, the phenomenon of elevation of needs. As one person, and the whole society, there is a constant growth of needs.

Economic category and economic laws: cost

This concept is characterized by an objective character. The law of value implies the formation of resources and labor for each particular producer of his own resources. Accordingly, the individual price is formed. However, it is not recognized in the market. Within the current turnover, public values, based on collectively necessary labor costs, have a value. Despite the objectivity of the category and the law, one can not say that they are not influenced by external factors.

Interaction with other phenomena

The law of value is the pattern of price formation. This is due to the fact that the former acts as the external manifestation of the latter. Value is the content of market relations, the price is considered their form. Individual indicators may differ from industry ones. This explains the fact that producers in one sector of the economy receive different profits. The law of value, together with intersectoral competition, forms market prices. The sum of price indicators on a public scale is equal to the total value of prices. Redistribution in the case of capital overflow reflects the consideration of its expenditure. But at the same time, the overall indicator of production prices and their change are ultimately determined by the level and fluctuations in market value necessary for the society of labor costs.

Demand

In fact, the higher the price, the lower it is, and vice versa. Many other factors influence it:

• profit;
• Presence of a specific product on the market;
• Taste of the consumer and the psychology of shopping;
• The effects of waiting (falling or rising prices);
• Presence of substitute products on the market;
• The availability of goods that complement each other.

All non-price factors are considered in economic science in a static manner. This suggests that none of these phenomena can not exert such a great influence on demand as price.

Sentence

It is opposed to demand. The sentence is used as a general category. It characterizes the behavior of potential and actual sellers of products. The scope of the proposal refers to the number of products that the entities want to implement over a certain period. It depends primarily on the price of resources used in the production of products, and manufacturing technologies available from the sellers.

Demand Offer

The essence of this theory is that the price of the goods is formed not in accordance with the labor expended for its production. The key factors in its formation are demand and supply. If the first is higher than the second, the cost will increase. If the supply is greater, and the demand remains unchanged, the price will decrease. Among the supporters of this theory were Say, MacLeod. Walras has a mathematical expression in her works.

Money turnover

This category and the laws that are in force with it reflect an objective relationship between the price level and the volume of paper financial assets in circulation. The essence of it is that the strength of the purchasing power of money is possible provided that their number corresponds to the market needs in them. The necessary mass of financial resources is directly proportional to the sum of the values of goods and services and inversely proportional to the speed of money circulation.

Own

The content of this category is disclosed through the connections and relationships into which the owner enters into with other actors in the course of production, distribution, consumption and exchange. Property acts as a public interaction relating to property. Property implies certain volitional acts of the person. To them, for example, include use, disposal, possession. The latter means economic "domination" over the object. Use is the extraction from the thing of certain useful properties through personal and productive consumption. The order refers to the commission of acts that determine the fate of property. For example, this is alienation, exchange, letting. The dynamics of relations concerning property are reflected in the disposal and use.