Disability groups: classification, criteria and degrees of ability to work. Definition of disability groups

Seeing on the street a person in a wheelchair or mother with sad eyes, trying to entertain her unlike the rest of the child, we try to look away and completely ignore the problem. And is it right? How many people think about the fact that life is unpredictable, and at any moment a misfortune can overtake one of us or our loved ones? The answer will probably be negative. But the reality is cruel, and healthy people today may be disabled. Therefore, maybe it would be worth looking for answers to questions about who are people with disabilities, how many disability groups exist, who sets them?

Patients need constant supervision and assistance from third parties. They need love, caress and care more than others. It is important to note that many of them do not tolerate any self-pity, and demand that they be perceived as equals.

To date, an increasing number of such people are trying to lead a full-fledged life, work, visit recreational activities, relax at resorts, etc. Communicating with them, one should observe a sense of tact and not focus on their health problems.

Basic concepts and their definitions

The term "disability" has Latin roots and comes from the word invalidus, which in translation means "weak," "weak." This concept is used when it is necessary to characterize the physical or mental state of a person who, due to certain circumstances, is permanently or for a long time limited or completely incapacitated. This, in turn, implies the limitation caused by the presence of a defect (congenital or acquired). Defect, in turn, or as it is also called a violation, is a loss or deviation from the norm of any function of the body.

As for the term "invalid", in the literal sense it means "unusable". This is the name of a person suffering from a health disorder, a moderate or significant disorder of various functions or systems of the body that are the result of diseases or the consequence of injuries. As a result, we can talk about the limitation of life activity, which consists in a complete or partial loss of the opportunity to look after oneself, to move without help, to enter into a dialogue with others, to express their thoughts clearly, to orient themselves in space, to control actions, to be responsible for actions, work.

Criteria for disability groups are used by experts conducting medical and social expertise to determine the conditions under which the degree of restriction of the individual's abilities is established.

In the presented sequence of ideas, the meaning of the phrase "rehabilitation of disabled people" should also be clarified. It is a system and at the same time a stage-by-stage process of restoring one or another of the abilities of a person, without which his everyday, social and, therefore, professional activities are impossible.

Disability groups: classification and summary

Disability is a problem that directly or indirectly affects almost every person on Earth. That is why it is not a secret for anybody that there are three different groups of disability, the classification of which depends on the extent to which certain functions or systems of the body are violated, and how limited the vital activity of the individual is.

A citizen can be recognized as an invalid only upon the conclusion of medical and social expertise. Only the members of the commission have the right to decide on satisfaction or, conversely, on the refusal of a person to confer on him a group of disabilities. Classification, which is used by experts of the expert group, determines which and to what extent the functions of the body were affected by a particular disease, injury, etc. Limitations (violations) of functions are usually subdivided as follows:

• Disorders that affect the statodynamic (motor) functions of the body;
• Disorders affecting the circulatory system, metabolism, internal secretion, digestion, respiration;
• Sensory dysfunction;
• psychical deviations.

The right to refer citizens to medical and social expertise belongs to the medical institution in which they are observed, to the authority responsible for the provision of pensions (the Pension Fund), and to the body that provides social protection of the population. In turn, citizens who received a referral for examination, should prepare the following documents:

1. A referral issued by one of the above-mentioned authorized bodies. It contains all the necessary information on the state of human health and the degree of disruption of the body.
2. A statement signed directly by the person to be examined, or by its legal representative.
3. Documents that are evidence of a violation of the patient's health. This can be discharge epicrisis, the results of instrumental research, and so on.

There are three groups of disabilities. Classification of the basic disturbances of functions of a human body, and also a degree of their gravity serve as criteria for definition of which of these groups to appropriate to the addressed person. After analyzing and discussing the documents submitted by the citizen, the specialists decide whether to recognize him as an invalid or not. In the presence of all members of the commission, the decision is announced to the person who underwent medical and social expertise, and, if the situation so requires, all necessary explanations are given.

It should also be noted that if a person is assigned the first group of disability, the re-examination is carried out once in 2 years. Every year, a re-examination of persons having a second and a third group is organized.

An exception is an indefinite group of disabilities. Those who receive it can undergo a re-examination at any time of their own free will. To do this, they only need to draw up an appropriate application and forward it to the competent authorities.

List of reasons

Very often you can hear talk about the fact that someone was identified with a disability group for a common disease. With this, everything is more or less clear. However, it would not hurt to know that there are a number of other reasons for obtaining this status, which include the following:

• Injuries received by a person in the workplace, as well as some occupational diseases ;
• Disability from childhood: birth defects;
• Disability resulting from injury in the years of the Patriotic War;
• Diseases and injuries sustained during military service;
• Disability caused by the Chernobyl disaster;
• Other reasons that are established by the law of the Russian Federation.

Disability of the first group

With regard to the state of human health from a physical point of view, the most difficult is the first group of disabilities. It is assigned to those individuals who have significant abnormalities in the functioning of any one or more body systems. It is about the highest severity of the disease, pathology or defect, because of which a person simply can not serve himself. Even for the most elementary actions, he must necessarily require outside help.

Disability of group 1 is established:

• Persons who are completely incapacitated (permanently or temporarily) and need continuous care (care, assistance) from third parties.
• Persons who, though they suffer from pronounced functional impairments of the body's functions, can still perform certain types of labor activity. However, it should be noted that they can work only if specially created for them individual conditions: special workshops, work that they are able to perform without leaving their own homes, etc.

In addition, it should be noted that there are certain criteria for determining the disability group. To establish the first group, the following are used:

• Lack of self-service;
• The inability to move independently;
• Loss of orientation skills in space (disorientation);
• Inability to communicate with people;
• The inability to control one's behavior and be responsible for the actions performed.

At what diseases is the disability of the first group established?

To understand why some people manage to get the status of a person with disabilities, and others are denied it, it is not enough to list only the above-mentioned criteria for establishing a disability group. Members of the medical and social commission take into account a number of other factors and circumstances. For example, without attention, one can not leave a list of diseases in which a person is assigned a disability of group 1. These include:

• A serious progressive form of tuberculosis, which is in the stage of decompensation;
• Incurable malignant tumor;
• Serious diseases to which the cardiovascular system is susceptible, accompanied by circulatory failure of the third degree;
• Paralysis of the limbs;
• Hemiplegia or pronounced aphasia of the brain;
• Schizophrenia with severe and prolonged paranoid and catatonic syndrome;
• Epilepsy, in which there are very frequent seizures and a constant twilight consciousness;
• Dementia and, at the same time, loss of critical perception of one's illness;
• Stumps of the upper limbs (for example, complete absence of fingers and other more serious amputations);
• Stump thighs;
• Complete blindness, etc.

All citizens who will submit medical documents to the members of the commission confirming that they have one of these diseases will be assigned a disability of the 1st group. Otherwise, this will be denied.

What about the second group of disabilities?

The second group of disability is given to people in the body of which serious functional disorders are observed, which are the consequence of the transferred disease, trauma or congenital malformation. As a result, the life of a person is significantly limited, but the ability to take care of oneself independently and not to resort to help from outsiders remains.

A second disability group is established if the following evidence exists:

• The ability to service oneself by using various aids or minor third-party assistance;
• The ability to move using auxiliary means or with the help of third parties;
• Impossibility to carry out labor activity or ability to work, only if special conditions are created for this, necessary means are provided, a special place is equipped;
• The inability to receive education in ordinary educational institutions, but the receptivity to the learning of information through special programs and specialized centers;
• The presence of orientation skills in both space and time;
• Ability to communicate, but with the use of special tools;
• The ability to control one's behavior, but with the supervision of third parties.

At what diseases is the disability of the second group established?

Disability of the second group is established if a person suffers from one of the following pathologies:

• The valvular apparatus of the heart or the myocardium and the II-III degree of circulatory disturbance are affected;
• II degree of hypertension, which rapidly progresses and is accompanied by frequent angiospastic crises;
• Fibro-cavernous progressive tuberculosis;
• Cirrhosis and cardiopulmonary insufficiency;
• Atherosclerosis of the brain of a severe form with a pronounced decrease in the level of intelligence;
• Trauma and other infectious and non-infectious diseases of the brain, due to the development of which the visual, vestibular and motor functions of the organism are disturbed;
• Diseases and injuries of the spinal cord, as a result of which limbs are immobilized;
• Repeated heart attack and coronary insufficiency;
• After surgical intervention necessary to remove malignant lesions in the stomach, lungs and other organs;
• Severe gastric ulcer with loss of appetite;
• Epilepsy accompanied by frequent seizures;
• Exarticulation of the thigh;
• Stump of the thigh with a significant disruption of the gait, etc.

Brief description of the third group of disability

The third group of disability is established with a significant reduction in the person's ability to work as a result of disturbances in the functioning of the systems and functions of the body, which is due to chronic diseases, as well as various anatomical defects. This group is given:

1. People who, because of their deteriorating health, are in great need of transferring to work, which requires lower skills and less labor. For example:
   
   ● A tool-fitter with an I-II degree of circulatory disturbance, which physically simply can not perform his professional duties. However, he may well take the post of collector of small items.
   ● The spinner, who has the 2nd, 3rd and 4th fingers of the hand amputated, needs a transfer to the position of the shoe maker.
   ● A top-level maser, suffering from stage II hypertension, needs a transfer to the position of a distributor of instruments.
   ● A miner with a diagnosis of "silicosis" needs a position outside the mine or retraining.
   
   
2. People who, because of their health, need cardinal changes in working conditions without changing their profession. This, in turn, requires a significant reduction in the amount of work and skill reduction. For example:
   
   ● The chief accountant of the trust, who was diagnosed with cerebral atherosclerosis with memory impairment, absent-mindedness, etc., needs a transfer to one of the departments of the organization, but with the retention of the post.
   ● Weaver, who serves a lot of machines, which has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, needs to reduce the number of machines under her responsibility.
   
   
3. Persons with disabilities to perform work, who have low qualifications or who have not previously been employed at all.
   
   
4. Among other things, the third group of disability is given to people regardless of what kind of work they perform, provided that they have anatomical defects and deformities, and they can not do their professional duty.

Groups of disability depending on the degree of ability to work

There are various criteria for assessing the state of human health, on the basis of which groups of disabilities are established. Classification of these criteria and their essence are prescribed in legislative acts. Recall that at present there are three groups, each of which has its own specific features.

The definition of the disability group that must be established for the patient is a direct responsibility of the members of the medical and social expertise. However, it should also be noted that ITU also determines the degree of capacity for work of a person with disabilities.

The first degree assumes that the individual is able to perform labor activity, but on the condition that the qualification will be reduced, and the work will not require significant expenditure of effort. The second provides that a person can work, but for this he needs to create special conditions and provide auxiliary technical means. Persons who have been identified by one of these degrees are assigned a working group of disability.

Unlike the first two, the third degree of work capacity implies the impossibility to carry out labor activity. People who have been assigned this degree by the ITU are assigned a non-working disability group.

Category "disabled children"

The category of disabled children includes children and adolescents under the age of eighteen and have significant disability, which result in developmental disabilities, inability to communicate, learn, control their behavior, move independently and carry out future work. As a rule, a number of recommendations are written down by the ITU for a disabled child:

• Permanent or temporary accommodation in specially established institutions for such children;
• Individual training;
• Providing the child (if necessary) with special equipment and auxiliary means to ensure normal life;
• Provision of sanatorium treatment (the profile of the sanatorium and the length of stay in it are indicated);
• Describes a set of necessary rehabilitation measures, etc.