Daniil Leonidovich Andreev: biography, photos and interesting facts

Daniil Leonidovich Andreev is a Russian poet, writer, philosopher and mystic. The son of the famous writer Leonid Andreev. Popularity was largely due to the mystical composition of the "Rose of the World." Today we will get acquainted with the biography of this most interesting person.

Childhood

Andreev Daniil Leonidovich became the second son of Leonid Nikolaevich (a famous writer) and Alexandra Mikhailovna Andreev. It is interesting to note that the mother of the future writer was a grandniece of Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko's niece . Daniil Andreevich was born on November 2, 1906 in Berlin. Literally a few days after his birth, Alexandra Mikhailovna died of a post-natal fever. The father, shocked by the death of his wife, blamed the newborn for everything, as a result of which grandmother (mother of Alexandra Mikhailovna) Efrosinya Varfolomeevna decided to take Daniel to Moscow. There he finds himself in the family of his aunt, Elizabeth Mikhailovna Dobrova, whose husband was a famous doctor.

As a child, Daniil Leonidovich Andreev was sick a lot. Several times he was literally in the balance of death. At six, the boy became ill with diphtheria and infected his beloved grandmother with it. Efrosinya Varfolomeevna was no longer able to fight the disease and died. Soon, at a dacha near St. Petersburg, the boy was about to drown to see his mother and grandmother. Fortunately, at the last moment he was stopped on a bridge across a local river.

Proceeding from the fact that the child was constantly ill and even attempted to commit suicide, it seems that he was not engaged in his aunt's house. In fact, everything was completely different. Aunt and her husband took Daniel as their own son, surrounded him with care and attention. In those days the house of Dobrovy was one of the cultural (musical and literary) centers of Moscow. Here came IA Bunin, AN Skryabin, VI Shalyapin and many others. The authority of the family is evidenced by the fact that Maximus Gorky was the godfather of Daniel. The atmosphere of the house had a beneficial effect on the boy and inspired him to love literature.

In 1915, nine-year-old Daniel wrote his first verse, "The Garden." In the same year, his first stories appeared, first "The Journey of Insects", and then "The Life of Antediluvian Animals." In addition, as a child, the beginning literary critic wrote a great epic, whose actions developed in the interplanetary space that he invented personally. On the walls of his room, the boy painted portraits of the rulers of the dynasty he had devised. Their dimensions roughly corresponded to the size of the child.

Learning and insight

In the autumn of 1917, the beginning writer entered the gymnasium of E. A. Repman, where he studied until 1923. The following year he entered the Literary and Art Institute named after Bryusov. Around the same time, Andreev began work on the work "Sinners". In 1926 he joined the Union of Poets, which lasted until 1929.

In August 1921, 15-year-old Daniel, walking through the squares surrounding the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, saw a picture of the Heavenly Kremlin. He wrote about this in the 1st chapter of the 2nd book from the series "Roses of the World". The next event of this order took place in 1928 during Easter. While in the Church of the Intercession in Levshin, a writer, a poet, and now a mystic, he saw world history in the form of a single mystical stream.

Marriage

At the end of the summer of 1926, a young author, Daniil Leonidovich Andreev, married Alexander Gubler, with whom they studied together at the Higher State Courses in Literature. The wedding took place at the Assumption Vrachka, in the church of the Resurrection of the Speaker. In February of the following year, the couple officially divorced, and Andreev stopped attending literary courses.

In 1928, the writer published the poem "Red Moscow", continued work on the novel "Sinners" and began to write the cycle "Catacombs". The summer of this year he spent in Tarusa.

Prewar years

In the 40 years of the last century Andreev worked as a font artist, wrote advertising and other inscriptions. Nevertheless, he devoted most of his time to literature. In 1930, the writer began to create the poem "The Sun". In the summer of 1931 Andreev met with MA Voloshin. Soon, on July 29th, on the shore of Nerussa, Daniel Leonidovich experienced what he later described as a breakthrough in cosmic consciousness.

During the period of February-March 1932, the writer was engaged in literary editing, and then settled himself as the head of the social sector of the newspaper at a Moscow plant. In the summer of 1932 a collection of poems "The Diary of a Poet" appeared. It is noteworthy that literally within a year the author destroyed this collection. In 1933, Daniil Leonidovich Andreev began to write the essay "Contours of the Preliminary Doctrine", which remained unfinished, as well as the cycle "Foothills". In the autumn of 1934, the poet visited Koktebel and wrote a poem "The Grave of M. Voloshin."

In 1935, the writer joined the Moscow City Committee of Artist-Designers. In the beginning of September of the same year, the "Chant" of the poem "The Song of Mansalvata" appeared on the light, which will be fully completed in three years. In 1937, E. P. Peshkova recommended Andreev to turn to Stalin with a request to help in the return from the emigration of his brother, V. L. Andreev. In the autumn of the same year, the writer undertook the writing of a novel about the intellectual strivings of the intelligentsia in those days "Wanderers of the Night", which was conceived as an "epic of the spirit" in the context of the era. Towards its end, the novel approached only in 1947.

Second marriage

In the spring of 1937, Andreev met with Alla Ivasheva-Musatova, who after 8 years would become his second wife. Later Alla Alexandrovna will be convicted along with her husband, and released one year earlier than he. The second wife became a support for the writer in the war years, years of imprisonment and in difficult years after. She preserved her heritage and contributed to the publication of his major works in the late twentieth century. Later, for 15 years, she was the wife of Yevgeny Belousov, the son of the famous writer IA Belousov.

War

In the spring of 1941, FA Dobrov died, whom Daniil Leonidovich considered a foster father. In the first years of the Second World War Andreev worked on the poems "Yantari" and "Germans" (and was not completed), and finished the cycle of poems "Catacombs". In July 1942, EM Dobrova died, which was for Andreeva as a mother.

In the fall of 1942, the writer was drafted into the army. In January 1943, he ranks 196th Rifle Division entered the blockade of Stalingrad. At the front, Andreev was an artist-decorator, a hospital attendant and was on the funeral team. For a good service writer awarded medals "For the Defense of Leningrad". On June 25, 1945 Andreev was recognized as an invalid of the Second World War.

After the war, the poet returned to Moscow and settled himself as an artist-designer in a communications museum. November 4, 1945 he officially married A. A. Ivasheva-Musatova.

Imprisonment

In early 1947, the writer completed the novel "Wanderers of the Night" and began to ponder the second part of the alleged trilogy, which would be called "The Celestial Kremlin" and embodied the writer's front-line experience.

April 21, 1947 because of the denunciation and the novel "Stranniki Nights" Andreev was convicted under Article 58. Accused of anti-Soviet propaganda and terrorist intentions, Daniil Leonidovich received 25 years in prison, which at that time was the highest penalty in the USSR. In addition to the writer himself, his relatives also suffered from the arrest. 19 relatives and friends of Andreev were sentenced to imprisonment for 10 to 25 years in forced labor camps. All the books of Daniil Leonidovich Andreev, written before the conclusion, were destroyed by the MGB.

In November 1948, Daniil Leonidovich was escorted from Lefortovo to Vladimir prison (the same "Vladimirsky central"). Despite the conclusion, Andreev continues to actively engage in writing literary works. In 1950, he completed the poem "Nemeracha", which was started back in the 37th. In December 1950, the poem Symphony of the City Day was written. At the end of the same month, with a difference of one day, Andreev began working on the "Iron Mystery" and "Rose of the World."

In 1951, the writer worked on the "Morning Oratorio" and "The Death of Grozny". The following year he began working on the first version of the book "The Russian Gods" and wrote the poem "Rukh". In 1953, novels were written for the book "The Newest Plutarch", which Andreev wrote together with fellow inmates, physiologist V. Parin and historian L. Rakov. In the autumn of 1953, before moving to another cell, the writer Daniil Leonidovich Andreev experienced mystical experiences, which, he says later, were unprecedented in their grandeur.

In November 1954, Andreev wrote in the name of GM Malenkov - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, a statement in which he again refused to accept the Soviet system unconditionally, in view of "the lack of genuine democratic freedoms." At the end of the same year Andreev suffered a myocardial infarction. In 1955 he worked on poems "The demons of retribution" and "Navna". February 8, 1956 cousin of Dmitry Leonidovich - AF Kovalenskaya - died in the camp hospital. In May of the same year, the writer finished the work "Iron Mystery". And on August 10, 1956, his wife was released from the camp. A few weeks after its liberation, the Commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR passed a resolution according to which the penalty under Article 58 was reduced to 10 years in prison.

On August 24, 1956, for the first time during his arrest, the poet Daniil Leonidovich Andreev saw his wife in the Vladimir prison. On April 23 next year, he was released from custody. On June 21, 1957, the charges against Andreev were completely abolished, and on July 11 he was rehabilitated.

Last years

In the summer of 1957, ailing pneumonia, Daniel Andreev met his elder brother Vadim for the first time after more than 40 years of separation. Since November, 57 Andreev lived with his wife in Moscow. Around the same time, his status as a second-group invalid was revived, assuming a pension, at a rate of 347 rubles. November 30, 1957, the cousin of the writer dies, AF Dobrov. At the end of the 57th, together with Z. Rakhim, Andreev worked on translating the Japanese stories of Fumiko Hayashi, included in the publication Six Stories.

On February 12, 1958, Daniil Leonidovich Andreev sent a letter to the Central Committee of the CPSU with a request to get acquainted with his poetry. According to the writer, to live, hiding his creativity from people, for him is simply unbearable. On February 26, he was summoned to the Central Committee. The conversation with representatives of the authorities gave the writer hope that in future his works can be published. In addition, he soon received material assistance from the Writers' Union.

In the spring of 1958, Andreev was hospitalized with exacerbation of angina and atherosclerosis. On June 4, he married his wife Alla Andreeva at the Robe Deposition of the Temple. After the wedding, the couple went on a steamer trip from Moscow to Ufa and back. In early July of the same year, the eleventh book of the treatise "The Rose of the World" came to an end. By the middle of autumn the treatise was completely finished. Then the writer finished work on a collection of poems "The Legend of Yaroslavet" and the poem "The Wrong World".

At night, from 18 to 19 October 1958, Andreev wrote a verse, which was called "Once Upon a Time in the prime of life ...". In it, the poet begged for the salvation of his manuscripts. The following month, a series of poems by Daniil Leonidovich Andreev was compiled, called "Svyatorusskie spirits". On November 14, after returning from the Hot Key, the writer again goes to the hospital.

At the end of January 1959 AA Andreeva was handed a warrant for a room in a communal apartment on Leninsky Prospekt. Here Andreev, tormented by constant heart attacks, lived the last six months of his life.

On March 30, 1959, Daniel Leonidovich died. On April 3, Archpriest Nikolai Golubtsov sang the writer in the temple of the Deposition of the Donskoy. Andreev was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery next to his mother's grave.

Heritage

During the life of the poet, prose writer, mystic and philosopher Daniil Leonidovich Andreev, whose photo is perfectly illustrated by his profundity, none of the author's works of art was ever published. The exception is unless the book "Wonderful researchers of mountainous Central Asia" published in co-authorship with S. N. Matveev.

Dying at age 52, Daniil Leonidovich did not have time to say much and do it. The main thing he dreamed about, but did not have time - to build a school for ethically gifted children and meet his readers. More than three decades after the death of the writer, his wife secretly kept the manuscripts, fearing that at one point they could be destroyed again. The main work of Daniil Leonidovich Andreev - "Rose of the World" was published only in 1991, almost before the fall of the Soviet regime. In such an amazing way, the biography of Daniil Andreev was formed. In the life of the writer there were many ups and downs, strong feelings and disappointments, amazing visions and insignificant humiliations. But despite this, he always remained at his own opinion.

Memory

In 2003, Alexei Kurbatov composed the music for Andreev's poem "The Leningrad Apocalypse", commissioned by Daniela Leonidovich Alexandrovna's wife. In the autumn of 2014 in the village of Chukhrai, located in the Bryansk region, the museum of Andreev Daniil Leonidovich was opened, the biography of which we have examined.