Combine harvester "Don-1500B": technical characteristics. Rostselmash (Rostov-on-Don)

Agricultural machinery is a special machine, the production of which is given the utmost attention today, since the degree of cultivation of land, the rate of harvesting or the performance of sowing operations largely depends on the quality of their assembly. All this set of operations ultimately determines the future harvest of farmers and farmers. In this article, the combine harvester "Don" will be considered in detail. All its features and technical nuances will be discussed below.

general information

"Don-1500B", whose technical characteristics will not be left without our attention, is now an optimized machine that began to descend from the assembly line back to Soviet times that were distant from us. In the Soviet era, this powerful unit was the most popular in the country among machinery for harvesting grain and other crops. For two decades, Rostselmash (Rostov) produced this brand of combine, until in 2006 the era of new combines called Vector and Acros began.

Purpose

The Don-1500B combine harvester is designed and used for collection of various grain crops both by direct and separate method of combining in fields, plains whose slope does not exceed eight degrees. In some cases, the machine can be used to work with small-seeded crops, cereals and leguminous plants. The use of a combine is allowed in all climatic zones, which is very convenient from a practical point of view, because such a wide range of application possibilities puts the car in a favorable light for potential buyers.

Distinctive features

The characteristic features of the Don-1500B harvester are:

• One drum.
• Straw walker, equipped with five keys.
• Engine of high power.
• A capacious bunker for the collection and temporary storage of grain.
• Scheme of threshing - a classic bilge.
• The linear dimensions of the crankshaft crank are increased, and the speed of its rotation is reduced.
• The "Don 1500B" sieves are larger, compared to similar parts of other combines.
• The pulley has a wider range of speeds.
• The drive of the header is reversed.
• The presence of a special deck allowed to eliminate sticking during work with a wet grain.

It is also worth pointing to the presence of a leading bridge with increased strength and a fast unloading mechanism. In addition, if necessary, the machine can be equipped with a stoker, hood, chopper.

Finger eccentric mechanism has a very thoughtful fastening, which is deeply recessed in the high-strength steel auger body. This design feature allows you to completely eliminate the winding of anything during a careful harvest. The cutting machine itself can work in two versions: with open fingers and closed fingers.

Advantages

"Don-1500B", the technical characteristics of which make it one of the leaders in sales in the agricultural machinery market, is endowed with the following undeniable positive qualities:

• On its wheels are installed tires with low pressure and high grunt. This allows the unit not to be immersed even in very wet and viscous earth during long-term operation.
• The combine harvester is very economical.
• The impressive diameter of the threshing drum makes it possible to handle even wet ears of rather large sizes.
• To protect the threshing mechanism from clogging, a special system of lowering the so-called concave and its high-speed discharge is provided.
• It is possible to mount the header of three sizes. And the design of this working organ is so thought out that it allows to copy all available unevennesses of the soil well. Replacement of the header is quick and without any difficulties for the staff.
• Ergonomic, spacious driver's cab, which is well protected from noise, moisture and dust. Also, it is equipped with air conditioning to maintain a normal microclimate and provide comfortable conditions for the employee.
• Increased grain bunker size. This feature allows you to rarely customize cars to transport the crop to the combine, which also leads to fuel savings during harvesting.
• The combine was specially designed for the domestic agricultural industry and therefore often much more efficient in its work, compared with foreign counterparts. Spare parts for agricultural machinery of this type also have a relatively low cost.
• Simplicity and ease of repair. Many machine operators very often repair the machine themselves in the field without resorting to outside help.

Negative qualities

Fortunately, there are very few shortcomings in the car, or rather, there are only two of them:

• Due to the close location of the power section to the operator's cabin, a hot air stream enters the driver.
• Foreign harvesters still have a higher level of reliability and comfort, and also have a greater number of different auxiliary functions, which also affects their price.

Brake system

"Don-1500B" (the technical characteristics of the machine lead it to the leaders of sales in the domestic market) is equipped with a special parking brake, which is controlled by a lever with a button that closes the lock-dog. In order to stop the combine, it is necessary to pull the lever to yourself until the third (fourth) click. The brake is disengaged by moving the lever up and pressing the button in parallel.

In addition, the machine is equipped with hydraulic disc brakes , which are installed on each wheel separately. The brakes are mounted on the side reducers and are driven by pedals, the height of which is regulated by the fork of the brake cylinder. Important nuance: separate braking is undesirable to use on solid roads, because it is designed to work on wet, soft ground.

Hydraulic system

The hydraulic drive of the combine is represented by three subsystems:

• Drive for running gear.
• Steering control.
• Hydraulic system of working mechanisms, which is equipped with a minimum number of main pipelines, and also has spool valves, controlled both hydraulically and mechanically. This system controls the rotation of the auger, reel, header, shredder, turns the threshing drum, cleans the air duct.

Steering control system

The handlebar of the combine is connected to the hydraulic system, and precisely for its rotation, it does not require the application of considerable physical effort on the part of the operator. The steering wheel can be adjusted directly under the driver's height. For this, a collet is used. With the help of a special pedal it is also possible to adjust the inclination of the rudder within 5-30 degrees.

Traveling mechanism

Control of the driving axle of the combine takes place by means of hydraulics, and this, in turn, allows to regulate the speed of movement steplessly, regardless of the speed range. This fact ensures good maneuverability of the machine. The hydraulic motor is installed on the gearbox shaft (it is mechanical, three-way, has 4 modes during forward travel and one for backward movement).

The driven bridge is also driven by hydraulics. The combine's coupling is dry, single-disk, with diaphragm spring type. The tires of the car are equipped with deep protectors, which provide excellent cross-country ability and self-cleaning.

A few words about the header

The header consists of:

• The cutting mechanism.
• The balancing mechanism.
• The drive mechanism.
• The dividers.
• Motovila (joins with four sacks).
• Screw.

The front of the header is equipped with shoes to accurately copy the underlying surface (ground). The header is transported on a special cart.

As for the cutting mechanism, it can be either open or with double fingers. The reel is equipped with a pair of eccentrics and is controlled by two synchronously moving hydraulic cylinders. The inclination of the tine arms is adjusted automatically. The size of the auger, whose value is 590 millimeters, is also increased.

Electrical system

The system of electrical equipment of the machine is single-wire and operates on direct current with a voltage of 24 Volts. Also there is an alternator and an integrated rectifier. A characteristic feature of the electric circuit of the unit is the availability of an automatic monitoring system for all technological processes and the technical condition of the main components and parts, including the Don-1500B chopper and its speed, as well as the screws, the salt-milling machine, the engine, the oil temperature in the hydraulic System, water. In total, the automatic system gives detailed information on the 22nd parameters. The combiner will be notified of any deviations that have occurred by means of a light and sound alarm.

Technical parameters of the combine

"Don-1500B" (technical characteristics are given below) is endowed with such indicators:

• Type of header - PowerStream.
• The index of the header width is 6, 7, 9 m.
• The speed of the knife is 946 slices per minute.
• The reel rotates at a frequency of 15-49 rpm.
• The diameter of the threshing drum is 800 mm.
• The length of the drum is 1484 mm.
• The drum rotates at a frequency of 445 rpm to 900 rpm.
• The angle of coverage is 130 degrees.
• The total area of the concave is 1.38 square meters. M.
• Five-story straw shaker.
• The shaker has a length of 4.1 meters.
• Separation area - 6.15 square meters. M.
• The total area of the sieves is 4.74 square meters. M.
• Cleaning fan - six-blade.
• The fan rotates at a frequency of 380 to 1000 rpm.
• Engine "Don-1500B" - four-stroke with liquid cooling, without turbo.
• The model of the engine is YaMZ-238AK.
• Power - 173 kW (235 hp)
• The nominal fuel consumption is 162 g / l. from. H
• The fuel tank has a capacity of 540 liters.
• The capacity of the grain bunker is 6 cu. M.
• The unloading height is 2900 mm.
• The hopper unloading speed is 42 l / sec.
• The length of the combine in the transport position along with the header is 17500 mm.
• The width of the machine is 4400 mm.
• The height is 3980 mm.
• Weight with a header (without header) - 12590 kg (10990 kg).
• The speed of the combine (the first range) is 0-5 km / h.
• The speed of the ride (second range) is up to 10 km / h.
• The transport speed is up to 20 km / h.
• Pressure in the tires leading - 1.7 atm.
• The pressure in the controlled tires is 1.5 atm.
• The clearance between the combine and the road is 370 mm.
• The width of the wheel of the driving wheels is 2800 mm.
• The width of the track of the steered wheels is 2900 mm.

Repairs

Repair work carried out with the combine should be carried out on the basis of the relevant technical documentation approved by the manufacturer. When carrying out routine maintenance, repair and even a standard visual inspection, you should always adhere to a sequence that will allow not only to carry out the specified types of work, but also to secure the repair personnel or the driver of the car from possible injuries. The combine is very convenient also because all its details are unified and standardized, and therefore the replacement of the failed node is much simplified. At the same time, the selection of a new part will take a minimum of time.

Cost

Note that the "Don-1500B", the price of which may vary depending on its technical condition, is extremely difficult to find today, since it has been manufactured for several years in a new modification. If we talk about the secondary market, the cost of a used combine varies from $ 10,000 to $ 20,000. At the same time, it is important to remember: before purchasing such a machine it is necessary to conduct a thorough visual inspection and test it in practice, so that after the purchase there is no unpleasant surprise in the form of broken parts and inadequately functioning units. And although spare parts for agricultural machinery of this type can be found without problems, they are also very expensive.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to say a few words about the manufacturer of the above described combine. Rostselmash (Rostov) today has occupied an important niche in the world market of harvesting equipment sales and produces about 20% of all such machines. At various trading and production sites in Russia, Kazakhstan, Canada, USA, 24 types of agricultural machinery are being manufactured and sold, including the best models of combine harvesters and other harvesting machines. In addition, the company produces a line of lubricating and cooling fluids for its equipment and sells it at very affordable prices for customers.

In general, agricultural machinery, whose manufacturers are striving to constantly improve the quality of their goods due to high competition, today is a high-tech machine that can not only perform its functions effectively, but significantly facilitate the work of agricultural workers.