Botanical Garden RAS: where is it? A photo

The main botanical garden of the country - the Russian Academy of Sciences named after NV Tsitsin is considered the largest in our country and Europe. Last summer, he celebrated his 70th birthday.

History

The historical past of the botanical garden is complex and rich. Date of creation, entered in the documents - 1945. This year , it was decided to organize a new botanical garden on the grounds of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR located on the territory of the Ostankino Park .

400 years on the territory of the estate "Ostankino" were impassable forests in which there were scattered villages. The same places were intended for hunting elks and bears by the royal huntsmen. Since 1558, this land, which was paid to Satin Alexei Ivan the Terrible, was replaced by many masters.

Since 1743 "Ostankino" passes into the hands of the Sheremetyevs through the marriage of Peter Borisovich to Princess Varvara Cherkasskaya. After all, the future wife received a lot of land on her dowry, including this estate. After a while the protection of this unique place will be attended by their son Nikolai Sheremetyev. He introduces a ban on grazing cattle, cutting trees, hunting, picking berries, mushrooms, and will require the manager not to let in the oak grove "gulyaschikov."

The end of the XIX century was marked by deforestation, unregulated grazing, uncontrolled destruction of wild animals and birds.

After the revolution, laws were passed banning logging of native forest-park plantations, which were strictly enforced even in difficult wartime, thus saving the estate of Ostankino.

Plants of the garden

The botanical garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, especially its central part, is a reserved unique site of the forest zone. There is no free access to the grove, its oak trees are about 160 years old, although there are unique specimens that are up to 300 years old. There are birches, maples, spruce, aspens of mountain ash, etc. Crowns of trees hide huge bushes: hazel, buckthorn, honeysuckle, spindle grass. Below them, a grass carpet of tender windmills, lungworts, fragrant lily of the valley, sedge hairy, stellate, etc. They grow only in oak groves, which are recognized as the standard of the Central Russian broad-leaved forest.

All the collections and expositions of the garden are both natural and aesthetically suited to the oak and birch trees that grow here.

Today, the Botanical Garden of Tsitsin RAS is 331 hectares of unique collection funds. It is more than 18 000 types and varieties of plants from different corners of our planet. In 1991, in solemn conditions, the main Russian botanical garden was given the name of the great academician and famous botanist, breeder and geneticist Nikolai Vasilievich Tsitsin, who led it for more than 35 years, from the first day of its foundation.

Territorial separation

When creating a garden, the main task was to equip closed and open expositions that could transmit as much as possible a particular natural zone. For example, for the demonstration of the plant world of the USSR, divisions were made:

- European part of the Union;

- North Caucasus;

- the region of Siberia;

- Middle Asia;

- Far East.

At each of these sites, special conditions were created that were close to reality. Such as: pouring of special sand, stones, ponds or streams were created to increase humidity, or special slides were built. All plants were planted in combinations that occur in real nature.

The Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the testing of new plant species has become the site of the introduction of the introduction nursery.

Expositions that exist today, received other names. In them are presented plant exhibits of the Far East, Siberia, Central Asia, the Caucasus and Eastern Europe.

On a huge area today you can see tundra plants, coniferous-broad-leaved, light coniferous, dark coniferous forests, deserts, steppes and meadows.

Collecting the garden collection required careful removal of plants from nature. For this purpose, since 1946, expeditions were sent to various natural areas of the Soviet Union. Particular attention was paid to rare or endangered species.

Floristic diversity of the garden is constantly changing. It was especially diverse in 1990. Today the Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a place of rest for citizens and visitors of the city.

Visitors of the city, visiting various sights of the capital, necessarily come to the botanical garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow, representing the main garden of the country, offers to inspect various plant exposures.

Expositions of flora of Eastern Europe and vegetation of Central Asia

Almost 6 hectares are the exposition of the flora of Eastern Europe. There are more than 300 types and types of plants: about 20 species of woody crops, about 30 species of shrubby and more than 200 species of herbaceous plantations, most of which came from the Carpathians.

The main botanical garden named after Tsitsin RAS has the oldest exposition of vegetation in Central Asia. It was laid shortly before the war on the Sparrow Hills on the territory of the Moscow Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences. After the war, she was carefully transferred to the section of the flora (who was in Ostankino). But it is available to visitors only in 1953. Here we recreated the natural botanical and geographical conditions. Areas of mountain relief and deserts were created from tertiary clay. In this zone are coniferous and deciduous forests, meadows of the Alpine and subalpine, steppes and stony hills, and many species of endangered plants. You can view most of the exposition from the top of the artificial hill.

Expositions of plants of the Caucasus, Siberia and the Far East

The area of almost 2.5 hectares is occupied by an exposition of plants of the Caucasus. This is more than 300 species of tree plantations, including 23 rare and endangered species. They are located on an artificial mountain relief and forest plain.

More than 200 plant species are collected in an exposition of the vegetation of Siberia. From the exhibits presented here more than 50 species are recognized as disappearing or rare.

One of the most impressive collections is the exposition of the flora of the Far East. Practically 400 plant species of this zone are located on the territory of 8.5 hectares.

Thematic zones of the Main Botanical Garden

The botanical garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1950 completed the creation of an exposition of useful wild plants. All perennial grasses are planted with ridges, in the neighborhood taken from nature. There are several species of shrubs and trees in this exposition. Organizers, developing and planting plant ensembles, compiled their classification, based on the area of their application.

The first part is ethereal-oilseed, medicinal and insecticidal plants. They have an effect on various functions in the human body or animal and have toxic properties.

The second part is plants of a technical orientation. These are fibrous, dyeing and tanning. Such plants are used in industry before.

The third part is fodder and honey. Plants, which are the fodder base for domestic animals (haymaking, silage, pasture).

The fourth part is food plant species. They are designed to support the life of the human body. It is vitamin, flavor, spicy, tea and papilliferous.

Arboretum

The Botanical Garden of NV Tsitsin RAS preserves about 1,700 tree and shrub species of plants. They are collected on the territory of the arboretum (more than 75 hectares). Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences is built according to the type of a landscape park, that is, plants are systematized. This area is particularly beautiful from early spring to fall leaf fall. But in winter it is equally interesting to walk among the snow-covered coniferous beauties.

"Heather and Japanese Garden"

In the arboretum there is a special exposition - "Heather Garden". It brought from Germany special types of Erica and almost 20 varieties of heather. It is located near the Laboratory building and is surrounded by coniferous plants, barberry, spirits and rhododendrons.

A no less bright and unique exposition of GBS is the "Japanese Garden". It was created with the help of the Embassy of Japan in the capital. From the islands, rare species of sakura, decorative tree species and grass of the region were brought. They were picturesquely arranged around artificial reservoirs with a lot of bridges, pagodas and stone compositions.

A very enchanting collection of roses occupies almost 2.5 hectares.

Priceless are the specimens of the greenhouse. They are imported from Brazil, Vietnam, Cuba, Madagascar and other countries of the equatorial zone. More than one hundred species from them are listed in the International Red Book.

Unique nursery in the Botanical Garden of Moscow

In addition to basic scientific activity, the employees of the GBS are engaged in breeding, breeding and selling seedlings and seeds of known and new plant species. Kennel offers for sale planting stock of hardwoods, lianas, shrubs, perennial grassy, clematis and fruit plantations. Seedlings in the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences are very popular. Prices for them are very low, and the quality of planting material is very high. Two sales outlets are engaged in the sale of seedlings. One (main) is on the street. Botanical, 31, opposite the main entrance to the HBS.

Special subdivisions of RAS

Botanical Garden of BIN RAS them. Komarova VL, is located in St. Petersburg, on the Aptekarsky Island. It is a subdivision of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Its history begins in the XVIII century with a pharmacy garden. It was founded by Peter I. Initially, naturally, it was intended to grow medicinal plants on it.

By the middle of XIX the Pharmacy Garden was in big desolation, for there was no financial support at all. Alexander I gave his order to VP Kochubei, who presented a plan for the reorganization of the garden. Now his main direction was scientific activity. The appropriation of the Aptekarsky garden almost doubled. Scientific expeditions even began to be organized. The garden was actively developed until the beginning of the XX century.

In connection with the celebration of the bicentenary of the Botanical Garden in 1913, he was given the name of Peter the Great. After the revolution, it became the main botanical garden of the Russian Soviet Republic. At the same time he was given imperial residences and private greenhouses.

In 1930 the garden was re-subordinated to the USSR Academy of Sciences. The following year, it merged with the Botanical Museum. As a result, the Botanical Institute was established. During the blockade, despite the efforts of the workers, the garden was badly damaged. Therefore, in the postwar period, extensive restoration work was carried out. Now this is a huge garden-arboretum. He is very fond of residents of St. Petersburg and guests of the city.

Another unique subdivision of the Academy of Sciences is the Botanical Garden of the URC RAS. It is located in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The garden has passed a long and difficult path of development.

Today it has a large collection of plants, is proud of its bright scientific achievements in the field of research of wild flora of the republic and selection of ornamental plants.

Conclusion

Now you know where you can go if you like nature, flowers and plants. The Botanical Garden of N. Tsitsin RAS is a truly interesting place to visit.