"Bora" - missile ship on an air cushion: description, technical characteristics and reviews

The existence of the BKWP "Bora" did not last long, he was surrounded by a veil of complete secrecy. As, however, many military facilities in Russia. "Bora" is a ship that has no analogues in the whole world. Lightness, maneuverability, its speed are so high that it is not able to catch up with torpedoes and even homing missiles. On the Black Sea Fleet, several exercises were held, where the crew of the RCVP coped well with the tasks assigned, leading successful battles with the ships of conventional adversaries.

The idea of creating a ship

The first thoughts about the creation of such a ship arose even during the Second World War, when in 1942 the Germans broke through to the Caucasus. In Moscow, the council discussed the project of the missile designer Chelomey. His proposal - to install on the missile boats torpedo installations to defeat the enemy's large targets. Everyone agreed that the project was really promising, but was temporarily postponed.

Only after the war, at the direction of Stalin in 1949, was created AMCB "Almaz". Employees were instructed to develop projects of air-cushion ships , it was a secret, completely new topic. The goal was the creation of ultrafast missile boats. The brainchild of this project in the future became Bora, an air-cushion ship.

Role of CB "Almaz"

So, in the Leningrad CB Almaz began to emerge the idea - to mount missile launchers on small high-speed boats. Throughout the world, the Russians have reacted to the innovation of the Russians with restraint and skepticism. But the six-day war of 1967 turned views after the Egyptian boat (produced by the USSR) sent an Israeli destroyer to the bottom with a single missile salvo. A new era has begun in the navy. In the 1970s, the engineers of the Almaz KB headed by V. I. Korolev began to put forward ideas for creating light catamaran boats on air cushions. This increased the speed of movement, maneuverability, invulnerability. The task is an unexpected appearance, a blow and the same rapid disappearance. So the small ship "Bora" was born on an air cushion.

The first tests

For the first time the "Bora" RCVP was launched in 1988, but the difficult political and economic situation prevented immediate testing. The ship "Bora" first showed its success in 1991. In the area of Zmeinoy Island, which was on the Black Sea, the first shooting took place, they caused a serious stir in foreign intelligence services. Such in the Navy have never been met anywhere. A new Russian military ship, traveling at a speed of 40 knots, simultaneously produced missile launches. The rocket salvo was prepared for only 30 seconds. During the first tests four missiles "Mosquito" completely destroyed the patrol decommissioned boat. Naturally, such volleys are capable of destroying even large ships, including aircraft carriers.

The small ship "Bora" was called the "Marine Destroyer", because his task was to decapitate the fleet, that is, to strike a devastating blow to the main ship of the enemy squadron. After that, at a speed exceeding the speed of any sea vessel, hide from sight.

In 1991 the first air-cushion ship appeared on the Black Sea Fleet - this was the "Bora".

Ship Features

The ship has a displacement of 1050 tons. Dimensions of the "Bohr" has the following: full width - 17.2 m, length - 65.6 m. Draft of the vessel - 3.3 m, when the superchargers are added 1 m. The maximum speed is 55 knots. The range at a speed of 12 knots is 2500 miles, at 45 knots - 800 miles. The power plant includes: 2 GTU M10-1 with a capacity of 36 thousand horsepower, two diesel M-511A with a capacity of 20 thousand horsepower and two diesel M-504 with a capacity of 6.6 thousand horsepower. The armament includes the Moskit launch vehicle - 8 3M80 missiles, 20 missile launchers of the Osa-M missile defense system, AK-176 - 76 mm artillery, AK-630 - 30 mm artillery. The small rocket ship "Bora" is serviced by a crew of 68 people.

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Two narrow buildings (length - 64 m, width - 18 m) are covered by a platform. In front of the machine is an elastic screen. Even if the height of the waves reaches two meters, a powerful engine of 60 horsepower, allows you to reach speeds of up to 55 knots. At a wave height of 3.5 meters, the speed is reached at 40 knots. Economical course provides two diesel engines. High speed allows the ship to avoid capture of homing missiles, as well as to evade torpedoes.

When creating the SCRP, the experience of the Design Bureau and the shipbuilding industry already acquired when building assault ships of the Zubr, Jeyran type was borrowed.

What is the uniqueness of the RKVP? "Bora" is a ship with a hydrodynamic platform, which is easily transformed. The propulsion system has 36 uses. "Bora" is a catamaran that regulates the speed to 20 knots, and at the same time a ship capable of developing more than 50 knots. The RCVD has a wide range of motion in both emergency and normal conditions. For years of operation, there was no case that the ship entered the port in tow. In addition, it is able to go even with the engines turned off due to the engine-superchargers with the expiration of the air from the air cushion.

PCR "Mosquito"

On board, Bora (the ship) has the most deadly installations of the Moskit PCR. About them in more detail. The impact strength of these missiles in aggregate is capable of destroying the middle class of ships and even cruisers. The explosive in 3M80 "Mosquito" has a mass equal to 150 kilograms. The starting range is from 10 to 90 kilometers. Starting, the rocket soars up, making a hill, then descends to a 20-meter height, when approaching the target reaches 7 m above the waves and cuts into the hull of the vessel. Half-armor-piercing part and huge kinetic energy allow to break through any obstacle. A powerful explosion takes place inside. Even if the enemy uses a radio countermeasure system, the combined control system achieves a high hit accuracy of up to 99%.

"Bora" in the Turkish port of Sinop

In 2013, in Turkey, on the activation of BLACKSEAF, the Russian Federation was represented by Bora, an air-cushion missile ship. The battle ships of Romania, Turkey, Bulgaria, Ukraine took part in sixty exercises and trainings. What was the focus on? Reflection of detachments of air attacks, wiring behind trawls, repelling attacks of small-sized targets, organizing communications, joint maneuvering, monitoring the movement of a merchant ship, rescue and search for maritime victims.

The crew of the ship "Bora" proved to be the best. All the actions under the command of the captain of the 2nd rank of Trankovsky were carried out in a well-coordinated, well-organized manner - this is confirmed by the admiring reviews of all those who watched the exercises.

In Artek

Supported seamen-Black Sea tradition, established since Soviet times. When the shift was closed, Bora, the ship that became the pride of our fleet, arrived at the Artek International Center. After fulfilling the combat tasks, the BKRP "Bora" stood at the raid in the children's center.

On board the ship hundreds of children climbed, for them special excursions were conducted. The acquaintance was very informative, especially for those who graduated from the children's naval flotilla in Artek. Here was the solemn release of cadets.

All the guys were delighted with this event and left their positive feedback after visiting the ship.

The traditional bonfire, the final shift in the International Camp "Artek", was lit from fire, taken from a capsule, descended from the side of the ship "Bora".

"Bora" and "Samum"

Telling about the ship "Bora" on an air cushion, it is impossible not to mention his brother. This is the "Samum" RCVP. The stories are similar. "Samum" is a little younger. "Bora" and "Samum" - ships of the same type, belonging to the class of missile ships on an air cushion.

The first was laid the ship "Bora" in Zelenodolsk near Kazan in 1984, at the shipyard "Red Metallist". The water was released in 1987, and in 1991 - it was included in the Black Sea Fleet.

"Samum" has a more saturated history of movement. The foundation of the RCVP was in 1991, it was lowered into water in 1992. Inland waterway was transferred to the Black Sea. In 1992 - in Kerch, in 1993 - in Sevastopol. For technical reasons, in the same year, I was again sent to Zelenodolsk for the manufacturer. In September 1994 he left for the Baltic. There, in 1996, he was tested in Baltiysk. Officially, the Baltic Fleet was introduced in 2000. Only in 2002 the "Samum" RCVP was relocated to the Black Sea Fleet. He joined the 41st brigade of missile boats of the Black Sea Fleet.

The guys who served on these warships remember for a long time the years spent in the fleet, leave thanksgiving. Someone argues that the service brought up the will and tempered the character, while others remember the military exercises forever. And, of course, everyone responds with warmth about cohesion in the team, friendship and comradely support. It is on such warships that brotherhood is born.

Where did the names "Bora" and "Samum" come from?

For the Soviet fleet, such names as "Bora" and "Samum", at first glance look incomprehensible and exotic. After all, in the majority of those days all the important objects were called the names of some heroic personalities or significant events, in honor of CPSU congresses, rallies, Komsomol conferences.

But it was this line of ships that received such unusual names. As early as the 30s of the last century, the ships began to appear patrol ships (in fact, destroyers), who wore storm names, for example, "Hurricane." The sailors called them then "a division of inclement weather." The successors of this series were the IWC "Storm", "Shkval", "Storm" project 1234. And the tradition continued the missile ships on the air cushion of Project 1239. Designer Korolev suggested calling them by the names of sudden destructive winds. "Bora" is a black-and-white squally wind coming from the north. Especially capricious is the "Novorossiysk bora". "Samum" is the Arabic name of the hot African wind, which brings strong sandstorms, falling asleep on its way. Thus, two Russian ships are named after strong winds, cut off the sea waters at the same speed, eliminating obstacles on the way.

Milestones

Despite its youth, the Bora missile ship, during its existence, performed more than one hundred artillery and rocket firings. Repeatedly declared the best RKVP in his mix, won various prizes in all kinds of training. He fully justifies his name, because "Bora" is the most powerful rush that brings with it an update.

• In June 2002, there were numerous agreements at the state level between Ukraine and Russia, after which the air-cushion missile ships, named after the "Bora" and "Samum" winds, were attached to one brigade of surface ships of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation
• November, 2006. The model of the ship "Bora" was exhibited at the show in Jakarta at the Indodefence exhibition.
• 2008 year. Became the current repair.
• March, 2009. The elements of the course task K-2 have been worked out.
• May 2013. The first visit to the port in Istanbul. Participation in the exhibition IDEF-2013.
• August 2013. Successful participation in the activation and exercises of Black Sea Fleet Blackseafor.
• 2015 year. Participation in the hero-city of Sevastopol in the naval parade on the Day of the Navy.
• Summer of 2015. The current repair of the ship was very successful.
• Summer of 2016. In the Sevastopol parade on the Day of the Navy, the participation was hosted by the "Samum" RCVP.