"Zaporozhets hunchbacked", ZAZ-965: technical characteristics, tuning

"Humpbacked" ZAZ - Soviet passenger car category "A". Years of production - 1960-1969. Over this time, more than 322 thousand copies were produced. The volume of the trunk is one hundred liters, the drive is rear. As the power unit is used a gasoline engine with a four-speed manual transmission. Fuel consumption for the city is about 7 liters per 100 km. The maximum speed threshold of the machine is 90 km / h. In the people it is also called "bug", "zhuzhik", "elephant". Let's consider its features, characteristics and tuning possibilities.

History of creation

Specialists of NAMI for "humpbacked" ZAZ have designed a 746-cubic V-shaped motor with four cylinders. The engine had a unique design with cast-iron shafts. The parameters of the new power plant for that time looked very decent. He was assembled from behind, was going to Zaporozhye Combine, and then worked out in Melitopol on MeMZ.

Several months passed difficult internal tests of the unit. On them two experienced cars drove 5 and 14 thousand kilometers. Then a special interdepartmental commission took transport. Notes were noted that the estimated weight is more by 54 kilograms, and the height of the body does not correspond to the drawings (it differs by almost 300 millimeters). After eliminating the defects, the "hunchbacked" ZAZ went into serial production (1960). The price of the car was 18 thousand rubles, which is one and a half times cheaper than the 407th Moskvich. At the end of 1962, engineers improved the motor, increasing the cylinders to 72 mm, the volume - up to 887 cubic meters. Cm, power - up to 27 horsepower.

Design

Since the first years of production the car in question has grown fond of buyers and did not cause serious censures. "Humpbacked Zaporozhets" (ZAZ-965) perfectly proved itself when traveling on rural and problem roads. Good roadability is provided by the presence of a smooth bottom, independent suspension on all wheels, as well as a decent load on the driving elements. Even if you were stuck in a swamp or snow, there was no problem getting out. The weight of the car was only 665 kg, it could easily be pushed out by two people.

A distinctive feature of the "zhuzhik" was the possibility of driving between the rough ruts left by the trucks. It was beyond the power of other cars. Owners "humpbacked" ZAZ rejoiced not only good maneuverability, but also a solid body, economy and ease of maintenance of the power unit.

Exterior

Creating the design of the car, the designers did not attach much importance to the decorative elements and wide additional functionality. This is not surprising, because the main task was to create a budget model for the general public. The closed bearing body is made of solid metal, which made it somewhat bloated. The front part was distinguished by a pair of folds of the original symmetrical shape.

The curved transitions of these elements had a small radius, and the wheel edges slightly protruded. The hoods had three bolt heads, and the rear wheels had a noticeable collapse. The power unit was located behind, accordingly, the trunk was moved forward. Its lid was closed from the inside.

Interior

ZAZ "Humpbacked", the photo of which is presented above, was equipped with adjustable mobile split seats. The rear armchair in the form of a sofa was quite comfortable. Among useful accessories, you can note sun visors, pockets on the doors, electrical equipment for 12 volts with a single-wire circuit.

In the car the advantage was given to minimalism. Behind the steering column were a number of control devices, on the right side - the ignition, control buttons, radio and heater. The windshield guaranteed an acceptable visibility, on the side elements there were ventilations in the form of corners. Although the machine in question had only two doors, it belonged to a full-fledged four-seater class.

Landing in the rear seat was made by folding forward the front passenger seat. By the minuses can be attributed high noise, weak soundproofing of the cabin, swinging the doors in the opposite direction and placing the fuel tank in front, which is dangerous in a collision.

ZAZ "Humpbacked": technical characteristics

The main part of the body was the crankcase. In its internal partition there is a special cavity for supporting the integral bearing. On the sides of the crankcase there is a fastening for the camshaft, on top - 4 holes for mounting cylinders with aluminum heads and cooling fins. There are four inlets, two in the outlet.

The four-speed transmission has two shafts and three turns. One gear - rear, the rest are equipped with synchronizers. Couplings of the assembly are moved with forks and rods. The cooling system tends to overheat, especially during long journeys.

The front suspension is borrowed from the car "Volkswagen Beetle". It includes a pair of transverse torsion bars with four levers. They are additionally connected to the fists of the driving wheels. The rear knot is two diagonal levers with semiaxes. In the future, the engineers changed the design to an oblique lever block with hinges on the semi-axles.

Main settings

Below are the main characteristics, which has ZAZ "hunchbacked", whose photo is presented in the article:

• Length / width / height - 3,3 / 1,39 / 1,45 m.
• Body type - all-metal two-door sedan.
• Ventilation - local type.
• Weight - 665 kg.
• Track of wheels (front / rear) - 1,15 / 1,16 m.
• The ground clearance is 17.5 cm.
• Turning radius is minimum - 5 m.
• The limiting speed is 100 km / h.
• The power unit is a gasoline engine with atmospheric cooling and top valve placement.
• Compression - 6,5.
• Clutch is a dry single-disk assembly.
• Carburettor type - vertical with flow.
• Brakes - pads.

Interesting Facts

1. Assembly of the engine ZAZ "humpbacked" was carried out simultaneously by two manufacturers.
2. In Odessa, the car was often called a "Jewish tank".
3. Among the nicknames of the car were such: "kid", "zazik", "constipation".
4. "Humpbacked" was the last Soviet car, the doors of which opened against the movement.
5. Steady air inlets were called "Wasserman graters", in honor of their inventor.

Modifications

Several developments of this machine are known. Among them:

• 965AB - with manual control.
• 965AR is a special vehicle for disabled people with one injured arm or leg.
• 965C - postal van with a right-hand drive.
• 965E Yalta is an export model supplied to Finland and Belgium. It had better equipment, noise isolation and interior trim.
• "Pickup" - was produced for internal use at the plant.

ZAZ "Humpbacked": tuning

To carry out the correct modernization of the car in question, you will need to create sketches on paper or in 3D format. This will allow you to see the overall picture from the expected tuning. The project will provide an opportunity to determine the range of work and further actions. As a rule, hub changes are changed, drum discs are installed with ventilation, and the standard springs are changed to a more rigid version on the rear suspension. In front you can mount the suspension from ZAZ-968. "Humpbacked" after that will become sturdier and harder.

Reduce fuel consumption will allow new connecting rods, the boring of the intake and exhaust manifold, the installation of a pump from the "eight" and carburetor zeroing. At the same time the power of the power unit will increase. Often resort to installation of disk wheels that provides the best stability on turns, facilitating management.

Engine gain

An increase in the power of the motor is a very justifiable operation. After all, the native installation has a power of only three dozen "horses" with a maximum speed of 100 km / h. Given that the motor is located behind, it is necessary to choose a suitable gearbox, designed for rear power units.

The transmission unit is suitable for later versions of Zaporozhye, as well as from Volkswagen, Porsche and Tatra. If you install the engine MeMZ-968, you get a power boost of up to 45 horsepower. True, it will be necessary to replace the native carburetor with a two-chamber analog of the "VAZ" type. You can fix it right in the trunk. It is also desirable to change the furnace to an improved heating system.

Body

Being subjected to restyling and the body of the car ZAZ "hunchbacked". The tuning, photo of which is presented above, allows to improve aerodynamics and appearance. As the doors open in the opposite direction, which is dangerous in the event of unforeseen road situations, it is better to outweigh these elements from the rear canopies to the front hinges. The obsolete lock is also replaced by the modern version.

External modernization also includes the expansion of wheel arches for rubber type 195/60 / R14. To increase the originality of the car and to clean incoming air, the fences are mounted from above. In addition, kenguryatnik, wings, side arches, aerodynamic body kit of plastic are installed. In this design, the car will look great and very stylish.

Salon

This element of the Soviet car is morally obsolete for a long time. It was not distinguished by high comfort for passengers and the driver. Improve the salon ZAZ-965 is not so difficult. Install new seats, a sports steering wheel, oil pressure indicators and other performance indicators, including a temperature and fuel level sensor.

On the ceiling, you can adjust the finish of natural black or red leather, and on the floor to lay a carpet with similar shades. Also it is necessary to replace the door trim, the pedals. If there is no desire to throw out regular seats, it is necessary to make their qualitative covering. If you are not confident in your own abilities, entrust the constriction of the salon to specialists.

Electrical equipment

Electronics on the machine under consideration has a voltage of 12 V, is powered by a single-wire system. As the lighting elements, the IL-12 headlights are suitable. At the beginning of the improvement, the native optics should be removed. For this purpose, the movable socket is removed, the wires uncoupled, the tongue is cut off from above the eye socket. Then take a round headlamp from the "Moskvich", tries on the installation place. There are six holes, two of which are made larger diameter for the adjustable chips.

The location of the element will be vertical, so you need to sew out the tongue. The optical element and adjusting chips are removed. Wires are output to the standard sockets. The headlamp is fastened by means of bolts wound from the inside and outer nuts. After that, the optics are mounted and pressed with control nuts. The bulging parts of the bolts are cut. For the outer edging the rim from the 968th model is suitable. With proper manipulation, it will be possible to install halogen adjustable lamps.

Additionally

To enhance the quality of the engine cooling unit, you can mount a pair of radiators from "Ford" or "Tavria". New ZAZ "humpbacked" will become even more attractive and practical, if you install a transmission, for example, from the VAZ-2108 with five ranges. External changes are mainly associated with the reshaping of the skeleton for a new motor, as the arches of the wheels widen and the rear axle of the car is transferred.