The terrorist is ... The suicide bombers. The Law on Counteracting Terrorism

One Russian journalist expressed the opinion that terrorism is hatred: man to man, man to mankind. Whatever the name of this social concept, the conclusion is still one: the terrorist is the enemy of mankind. While they exist in our world, no one can feel safe, because the number of terrorist attacks is growing every day with great speed. According to statistics, the actions of these bandits occur every two to three days in the world, and these illegal actions are brought only by death.

The notion of "terrorism"

In Latin, the notion of "terror" means fear and horror. Proceeding from this, under terrorism it is necessary to understand a social phenomenon, the purpose of which is to intimidate the enemy and suppress him in all possible ways, including physical destruction. Historically, terror consists not only in intimidation, its essence is reflected in moral and physical effects. A terrorist is a person who performs certain actions aimed at intimidation and violence. The subjects of this violence may be an individual, an organization, a group of people or just casual passers-by who are in no way connected with the purpose of committing a terrorist act, but simply found themselves in the wrong place. Most often these people are associated with gangsters with the whole of society, some state body or public structure. Individuals (or groups of individuals) who commit these terrible acts, most often have the goal of destabilizing the situation in the country or in society. A terrorist is a person who wants the fear and distrust of the authorities to drive people to revolutionary measures, influence the decision of state officials. Fear and misunderstanding of the situation can trigger a war with another state, a civil war, an acute desire for independence.

Terrorists are not only individuals. Illegal activities can be carried out by huge organizations and groups, including with the financing and support of entire states.

The essence of terrorism is an illegal activity, therefore it has a number of certain signs:

• This activity entails great danger, having a direct intent in causing death to one, several or a large number of people.
• He has a public character of execution. A lot of people should become aware of this act.
• The goal of illegal actions is a direct desire to create an environment in which fear and depression reign.
• When carrying out actions, bandits, influencing some, pursue the goal of influencing completely different persons.

If we compare the concepts of "terror" and "terrorism", then we can say that the first concept is broader, more massive, and a large number of people suffer from terror.

International terrorism: its subjects and significance

International terrorism is directed against individual states or a certain circle of citizens. Its main goal is a serious violation of the normal activities of the state, undermining the stability of its relations with other countries. Its subjects are entire countries, citizens of a specific nationality, state facilities, politicians or diplomats. This type of terrorism is called the economic version of the war. This method is the most effective: people are dying, the country's economy, its position in the world is being undermined, and everything happens with minimal military costs and sacrifices on the part of those who organize and execute everything.

The main principles of this type of banditism are:

• All military means for the commission of a terrorist act are on the territory of the enemy, that is, bought in this territory.
• Those people who are engaged in subversive activities are in different points of the enemy state, they are difficult to detect, because most of the time bandits legally reside in a given country.
• Organizers of terrorist acts are also difficult to find because they create a network management system in which it is difficult to reach the very top.

The main tools of terrorism, both international and domestic, is the psychological rise above the enemy, because the organizers always have a clear and thoughtful plan, and it is very difficult to find out what impact will be struck in the future.

The history of terrorism

If we follow the emergence of terrorism, then we can conclude that he appeared a very long time. That is, long ago there appeared violence directed against a person, and the generally accepted notion arose only in the twentieth century. Its first manifestation, according to some historians, is the partisan movement in some countries of Latin America. A group of individuals after the dispersal of the guerrilla movement in these countries began to act by conducting several subversive acts, which were later called "city guerrilla." In the early 60-ies such a thing happened in the Israeli army. In these years, Palestinian terrorists blew up military equipment, hijacked planes with passengers, then blew them up, seized transport with hostages or occupied buildings with people, created sabotage in places of congestion. For decades, the country was seized by a wave of terrorism-extremism. In the same years, similar manifestations began in the countries of Western Europe, when the so-called Italian "red brigades" appeared, the separatist groups ETA in Spain, the Republican army in Ireland. The list of terrorists is very large. The most terrible of them is Osama bin Laden, which was liquidated in early May 2011goda. This terrorist number 1 brought a lot of evil and tears to this world, killing many lives. His name was associated with a huge number of crimes, explosions and attacks. He was wanted since 1998. The following known terrorists are named: Ayman al-Zawahiri, who organized the "Egyptian Islamic Jihad", Adam Gadan, Daniel Andres San Diego, alleged participant in the organization of bombings of office buildings in the United States, Ali Atwa, who is engaged in air piracy, airplane explosions, hostage-taking, Fahd Mohammed Ahmed al-Cuso and many others.

Types of terrorism

This social phenomenon is classified on several grounds. If we consider geographically, then we can distinguish between international and domestic terrorism.

Depending on the motivation for illegal actions, the political, religious and national are allotted.

The most manageable, according to many historians, is political terrorism. Its main direction is the expression of discontent with the existing political arrangement within the state. This kind of banditry was the very first. State bodies have basically learned to deal with such gangster groups with dignity. Those that have existed for many years, begin to fade away: senior leaders of existing groups are already serving their terms of imprisonment, and the new generation is not so dangerous and professional. Political terrorist actions are rather limited, they are influenced not only by state bodies, but also by society as a whole.

National terrorism is the illegal actions of a group of people who are directed to the creation of their own independent state. Groups that want to create their own separate state structure, arm themselves and try to defend their interests with the use of weapons. Financing of terrorism in this case occurs at the expense of other states, structures, people who are interested in either creating a new political system or seriously undermining the economic or social sphere of the existing one, against which the actions of the bandits are directed. Often the basis for financing is not only the political side, but also the financial one. Over the past century, the most vivid example of national terrorism is the struggle of the Kurds, who advocate the creation of a new state of Kurdistan, which took place on the territory of four states at once: Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Syria.

Another example is the struggle of a group of people in Southern France and Spain, the so-called Basques, who wanted to become completely independent. In the UK, nationalist terrorists were named members of the IRA - the Irish army - who, with the help of terrorist attacks, are trying to create an independent state. A certain manifestation of this type of terror, in the opinion of some part of society, is the struggle of the south-eastern part of Ukraine for the possibility of creating its own federal unit within another state. The most terrible form of this social phenomenon is one that is based on religious views. Religious fanatics are ready to give their lives in the struggle for their ideals. The main manifestation of this type of terror is the struggle of Palestinians, which takes place in Israel. Speaking about the leaders of bandit groups, it is necessary to highlight the already destroyed Osama bin Laden, who laid down his life for the creation of a world Islamic state. This terrible man was able to unite a large number of people who threatened other people's innocent lives, to collect huge sums of money for organizing the struggle, to found the al-Qaida rescue fund. Under his patronage, suicide bombers were trained, for which there is nothing sacred. They are united only by a common goal.

Suicide bombers

Bomb suicide bombers cause controversial opinions among experts. There are many approaches to this concept. A well-known expert in the field of studying the essence of terrorism, A. Merari believes that there is no general concept for this definition. You can not bring all the suicide bombers under one comb. A suicide bomber can be a normal person, but under the influence of certain factors, views and convictions, he is ready for self-sacrifice. Training of such persons is engaged in recruitment. First they find a person with a suitable psychological portrait, then process it and bring it gradually to perform certain actions that take the life not only of the suicide bomber, but also of a large number of people. All this, in their opinion, is done for the common goal, most often it is religion. On the second place - nationalism.

A suicide bomber can also be a person whose brain is clouded by national or religious ideas. This is a kind of tool in the hands of the leaders of terrorist groups, which, as a rule, does not understand the true aims of their actions, but believes in doing it for the sake of the good of mankind.

Another specialist who studies the concept of "suicide bomber", Aarkus has a different opinion. According to his teaching, the suicide bombers are of two types. The first type is religious or national fanatics, and to the second - artificially created suicide bombers, who under the influence of religion or national views are capable of self-sacrifice.

But Professor Ross from the American university, studying the psychological side of the suicide attacks, argues that their formation is influenced by various factors, both social, and psychological and national. Favorable conditions for the development of terrorism are the social problems existing in a particular society, the development of democracy, predisposition to suicide, the cult of kamikaze, the fear of lack of demand in life and society, aggression, feelings of guilt towards others, and much more.

Forms of terrorism

The phenomenon of terror has various forms of manifestation. All of them are taken into account when drafting criminal legislation. The division into forms is conditional, since often a terrorist act is a collection of several forms. Most often there are mixed forms - for example, seizure of transport with people. In this case, several actions are combined: seizure of hostages and seizure of transport.

One of the most common and dangerous forms of terrorism is the use of explosive devices in order to cause maximum harm. Weapons of terrorists are very diverse, including explosive devices. It can be both homemade bombs and factory ones. The reasons why bandits use explosive devices are understandable: when applied, the damage is enormous. Self-made devices do not require significant costs, in addition, you can use their remote control, which increases the level of security of the terrorists themselves.

The second most important form is the theft of air, sea or other forms of transport, including rail. This form is often combined with the explosion of stolen transport, so it leads to numerous human casualties, especially if the trapped transport holds many passengers.

This form of terrorism, as an act, consists of several stages: first of all, seizure and subsequent theft. Capture refers to the mastery of transport through violence. A terrorist is a criminal who applies force both to the crew of a ship or aircraft, and to passengers. Basically, after the seizure of the transport (ship), the criminals change the course of movement, choosing their direction.

The seizure of hostages is considered to be the third form of terrorism, although this act is combined with other forms. Hostages in theory are people who are forcibly held in a certain place as guarantors of the fulfillment by state or other persons of the demands of terrorists. The capture of hostages, as a form of this kind of banditry, objective data has the following:

• Planning capture with the definition of the purpose of the action;
• Search for accomplices in crime;
• Search for the necessary means to achieve the goal;
• Determination of the location of the capture, the study of the availability of protection, the means of communication between guards, the time and direction of their movement;
• The commission of acts whose purpose is to seize and unlawfully hold people;
• Making claims;
• Negotiations of terrorists.

A rather serious form is psychological terrorism, which is moral violence against people. This is psychological blackmail, the use of lethal weapons or violence.

In modern society, cyberterrorism has emerged, which is a deliberate criminal attack on information that is processed by computer technology or programs, and is important to the public or the state. This form can also harm the health and life of the population.

The situation of terrorism in the world

This topic has become very relevant in recent years. The news is just overwhelmed with facts about terrorist acts. Such a feeling that all the world's terrorists began to act actively, seeking their political, national or religious goals. Experts attribute the main reason for the activity of such organizations with crisis times in Europe and in the world. Any terrorist operations can lead to the destruction of the existing regime. Terrorist militants capture entire territories, shoot down airplanes and commit other horrible things. Human lives become weapons for achieving national or religious goals.

The situation with terrorism in Russia

In Russia, the topic of terrorism takes up a lot of place in the daily news. Terrorist acts in Russia occurred immediately after the collapse of the Union, in 1994-1995, they did not stop even later. The most large-scale act in recent years in Russia was the terrible seizure of Beslan in North Ossetia, when the victims were children. Terrorists are people who do not have any morals, so they infringed on the lives of children. In the school that was captured by criminals on September 1, 2004, there were about 1200 people, and 326 people died in three days of terror. According to the investigation of the special services, 32 people took part in that terrible act, 31 of whom were killed in the process of releasing people. Only one of the bandits remained alive. You can also remember about Nord-Ost, the capital's palace of culture, which was mined by terrorists along with 700 spectators and workers of the institution. The terrorists held the hostages for three days, morally mocking the relatives of poor people. The act ended with an assault, which, according to the official version, began after the bandits began to shoot people. In this fight, special forces against terrorists acted professionally, but they had to use deadly gas. Unfortunately, many innocent people died from its impact.

Another terrorist threat to modern Russia is the Arab Wahhabis. This group carries out acts of religious terror, from which the Russians may suffer. Terrorists, whose photos are in the dossiers of international and Russian services dealing with this problem, can live among us and at the same time plan their atrocities.

Methods of combating terrorists

You can talk about fighting terrorism in this situation a lot. First of all, I want to say about what bodies are directly fighting in Russia with criminal groups or individual terrorists. The main fighter is the Federal Security Service of Russia. In addition to this service, anti-terrorism departments are in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of Russia and the Ministry of Defense of Russia.

In Russia, anti-terrorist units have been established, the main of which are the Alfa and Vympel groups. Also, special services that fight against terrorism, created and with the army, under the Ministry of Internal Affairs (the group "Vega"), with security forces.

Terror can only be avoided by the joint efforts of different countries, which are determined to seriously resolve the problem. It is necessary to develop an integrated approach to combating this phenomenon by not only legal and power effects, but also by identifying the main causes of its occurrence. The most important thing is not to seek excuses for terrorism, not to divide it into right and wrong. It is necessary to fight against any of its manifestations. At the legislative level in all countries, it is necessary to strengthen criminal responsibility for the act of terror. The Anti-Terrorism Act and criminal legislation need to be tightened up to the death penalty.

Laws that contribute to the fight against terrorists

The law on countering terrorism, adopted in March 2006, helps fight terrorism in Russia. The law establishes the basic principles of struggle, various methods of prevention are developed.