The naval fleet. The Navy of the Russian Federation

At all times, war was one of the main spheres of human activity. Of course, its consequences have always been extremely negative, nevertheless in the social environment it enjoyed quite a lot of popularity. This is due to the fact that by means of war it is possible to obtain land, power, resources, etc. In addition, many international political conflicts were resolved with the help of military action. Thus, armed struggle is an important part of social activity.

Throughout history, society has modernized its capabilities in the field of military art. This led to the emergence of standard rules for building troops, which are used to this day. According to one of them, all the armed forces of any state are divided into three components: maritime, land and air. In this article, the author would like to talk about the Russian Navy, which currently occupies a significant place in the world ranking of such troops.

What is the navy?

To date, there are a large number of military formations in the Russian Federation that have different tasks and functions that are inherently different. Hence a completely logical question arises: what is a naval fleet? In its essence, this is an integral part of the naval forces of any state, in our case the Russian Federation. This component is divided into two main elements: surface and underwater. It should be noted that a large number of traditions and features of this formation are largely due to the development of maritime relations and the territorial peculiarities of the country. The Russian Federation in this regard has a fairly long history of the formation of naval military formations, as will be indicated below.

Fleet of the Russian Empire

The Russian Imperial Navy existed from 1721 to 1917. During this time, formation took part in many sea battles. In addition, the imperial fleet was distinguished by a high level of combat training and efficiency in the conditions of war on the water.

The first representatives of the formation were ships built to conduct combat operations in the framework of the Northern War. The main bases for managing the Imperial fleet at that time were Kronstadt, Revel, Abo and Helsingfors. By the beginning of 1745 the forces of His Imperial Majesty at sea consisted of 130 sailing ships, 36 linear ships, as well as 9 frigates and vessels of other types. The navy of the Russian Empire lived under a special charter.

In the history of the imperial fleet there are many famous personalities, for example Admiral Nakhimov. This man distinguished himself by heroism and competent construction of tactical defense during the siege of Sevastopol in 1854-1855. To date, Admiral Nakhimov is the unspoken symbol of the Russian fleet.

It should also be noted that the formation was used in the Crimean and Russian-Japanese wars. In addition, the final stage in the development of the naval imperial fleet was his participation in the First World War.

The Soviet Navy

The military formations of the Soviet Union, based on the sea, existed from 1918 to 1992. The main task of the USSR fleet was to protect the borders of the state from external aggression. The formation consisted of subdivisions of submarines, naval aviation, surface ships, rocket and artillery troops, as well as marines. Command was made from the headquarters of the Navy, located in the city of Moscow. During its existence, the fleet participated in the most large-scale military conflict - the Second World War.

At the end of the 1980s, the following units were part of the formation: 160 surface ships, 113 submarines, 83 missile carriers, and about 12,000 marines. The peak of its development was the navy of the USSR by 1985. At that time, he was the second largest ship after the United States of America.

The tasks of the fleet at the present stage

The modern navy of the Russian Federation is one of the main elements of the armed forces of the state. In accordance with this, it completely implements the fulfillment of a number of specific tasks:

- Comprehensive deterrence of any use of military force at sea;

- permanent protection of state borders, as well as the sovereignty of the Russian Federation in the areas of the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf ;

- ensuring security in the implementation of activities of a marine character on the territory of the World Ocean;

- ensuring and maintaining the military presence of the Russian Federation on the territory of the World Ocean;

- Participation in peacekeeping, as well as military missions, if they meet the interests of the Russian Federation;

As we can see, the naval fleet of Russia has a fairly wide range of basic tasks that need to be implemented everywhere.

Structure of the Russian Navy

The naval fleet of the Russian Federation has its own structure, which ensures the effectiveness of this formation in the conditions of military operations on the water. But it should be noted that the Navy has a large number of units in its composition, which, in turn, are endowed with a number of rather specific functions. The Navy of Russia consists of the following elements:

1. Surface forces, which include units that use surface weapons in their work, that is, ships.

2. Forces underwater.

3. The third element is naval aviation, which, in turn, is subdivided into smaller structural units.

4. Coastal forces related to the navy.

At the same time, as mentioned earlier, each of the components represented performs its own functional tasks to ensure the effectiveness of the Navy as a whole.

The purposes of using surface and submarine forces

As you understand, the main forces of the Russian Navy are surface and underwater units. They implement the main tasks of this part of the armed forces. But in the structure of the Russian Navy, surface and underwater units realize a number of their own specific functions. For example, the first type of formation is used, as a rule:

- to cover the landing of the landing, as well as its transfer to the point of landing and evacuation;

- protection of the state's territorial boundaries;

- Establishment of barrage from mines;

- ensuring the activities of underwater units.

The second, no less important in its effectiveness unit in the Navy of the Russian Federation are submarine formations. Their main task is to explore the depths of the sea in peacetime, as well as damage to water and land targets in the military. It should be noted that nuclear submarines are the key technology in the submarine subunits. They are armed with fairly serious weapons, namely ballistic and cruise missiles.

Naval Aviation

For many people, the existence of naval aviation is an incomprehensible factor. Many confuse this component with a separate army, which is a mistake. It should be noted that the army includes the army, the navy and military aviation. At the same time, the units of the same name in the structure of the Navy do not have anything in common with the last element of the RF Armed Forces. Naval aviation has a whole range of its own functional tasks, for example:

- Counteraction to the enemy's surface forces;

- the implementation of strikes against the enemy's coastal bases;

- Reflection of air strikes.

Thus, naval aviation is a special unit created for the implementation of functions within the framework of the Navy.

Features of the Marine Corps

The history of the navy at all times was inextricably linked with the development of units of marines. Formation refers to the structure of coastal forces. In fact, such units are designed specifically to conduct combat actions by sea landing. Marine corps were known even during the reign of Peter the Great. In those distant times, the strength of this unit was about 20,000 personnel.

To date, this indicator is at the level of 8 thousand people, which are distributed among the four main brigades. The main task of the Marines is landing operations, that is, short-term landings for individual tasks, as well as the protection of coastal tactical objects and surface vehicles.

The main groups of the Navy

The flag of the navy can not be seen on the whole territory of the state. The forces and resources of this element of the armed forces are distributed according to tactical necessity. Simply put, the main groupings are located in those places where the Russian Federation is washed by water. On the basis of this important factor, the entire Navy of the Russian Federation is divided into the following separate groups:

1. The Northern Fleet is based on the White Sea military base in the city of Severodvinsk. Its main task is to protect the territorial interests of the Russian Federation in the eponymous part of the world.

2. The Pacific fleet is based mostly in the east of Russia, in such cities as Vladivostok, Danube, Sovetskaya Gavan.

3. The Baltic group is located near the cultural capital of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg. The place of basing is not less significant historical monument. In this case we are talking about Kronstadt.

4. The Caspian fleet is based in Astrakhan and Kaspiisk.

5. As for the Black Sea grouping, it is based in the region of the same sea. The fleet is located on the territory of Sevastopol, once belonging to Ukraine. It should be noted that this group of the Navy has a rather important tactical significance. Its main goal is to protect the interests of Russia in the regions of the Black and Mediterranean seas. Commander of the Black Sea Fleet to date - Admiral Alexander V. Vitko.

Emblem and flag of the Russian Navy

Symbolism of the Russian Navy causes a lot of questions and disputes all over the world. It should be noted that the main designation of the fleet today is its flag. It shows an oblique Andreevsky cross. Few people know that almost identical symbol is the flag of Scotland. The symbol of the navy was in 2001.

The emblem of the Russian Navy also has a special symbolic overtones. It is a gold armorial eagle, in the background of which the anchors are crossed. This emblem of the Russian Navy is universally recognized and is used in all groups of the respective armies.

Conclusion

So, in the article we tried to consider all aspects and characteristics of the Navy of the Russian Federation. To date, this part of the armed forces is one of the strongest in the world, which indicates a high level of military power in the Russian Federation as a whole.