Classification of innovations

Innovative development of industry can be considered an important component for a stable economic situation in any country. However, not all modifications of the technological process or products can be attributed to this category, so it is worthwhile to elaborate on the types of innovations and to classify them.

Depending on how innovation is introduced into the technological process, innovation is singled out:

• Food;
• Process.

In the first case, new materials, semi-finished products and components are used, resulting in fundamentally new products. Process innovations provide new approaches to both the organization of activities at the enterprise and the introduction of a new high-performance technology.

The classification of innovations can be given depending on the novelty of the market. In particular, they highlight scientific developments, which appeared for the first time in the world, in the country and at a specific enterprise. Obviously, the first species has the highest value. At the same time, depending on the coverage of the expected market share, they can be local, systemic and strategic.

The classification of innovations can be based on the place of new development in the enterprise system. Such scientific development can make changes in the structure and operation of the enterprise itself. Here distinguish innovation:

• At the entrance of the enterprise, which change the raw materials used, materials, machinery, equipment and other important moments at the initial stage of production;
• At the output of the enterprise - affect the final result of production activities;
• System structure of the enterprise, modifying the management, production and technological components

Classification of innovations depends on the degree of product change. Here distinguish

• Radical (basic), which radically alter the quality of the services provided or the goods produced. Here, in practice, discoveries and major inventions are introduced that allow the production of a new generation of equipment or the introduction of the latest technology;
• Improving, for the implementation of which middle-level inventions are involved;
• Modification (private) only slightly improve the individual parameters of the product or organization of production.

Classification of innovations can also be carried out according to the extent of the prevalence of innovation. In particular, single and diffuse scientific developments are singled out. Depending on continuity, innovations can be substituting, canceling, reflexive, opening, retrovovedeniyami.

Of course, the listed types of innovations and their classification are not final and will be constantly expanded and supplemented. However, it can be argued that in whatever field the enterprise operates, it is always possible to select a science-intensive product for it, which will increase its profitability.

Equally interesting is the classification of innovative projects. They, as a rule, differ depending on the level of scientific and technical importance. For example, a modernizing innovation project is singled out, during the development of which no fundamental change in the basic design or technology takes place. Innovative (or improving) scientific activity allows to make essential changes in available technologies and designs. However, the greatest commercial benefit should be the implementation of an advanced and pioneering innovation project that envisages the introduction of correspondingly advanced technical developments and newly created materials, structures and technologies that are capable of performing new functions.